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. 2020 May 19;20:196. doi: 10.1186/s12886-020-01467-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Visual neuroscience of human retinal aging and age-related macular degeneration.Schematic shows log cone and rod density [30], choriocapillaris and retinal vessels, and helpful/ harmful factors for photoreceptor function and survival in the human macula. Soft drusen and basal linear deposits (gray) accumulate between choriocapillaris and retinal cells. They are thickest and confer highest risk for progression in central macula. Xanthophyll carotenoid pigment (orange) is highest in the foveal center (shown) with lateral extensions into the plexiform layers (not shown), plausibly attributable to the distribution of protective Müller glia [34]. The retinal capillaries and choriocapillaris are shown