Table 3.

Body thermal gradients of water-restricted Xhosa goats supplemented with VC

		Treatment								Probability
Parameter	Day	W0	W70	W50	W70+	W50+	W70++	W50++	SEM	T	D	T × D
Skin temperature, °C									0.322	ns	***	ns
	15	32.7	32.7	32.7	32.1	32.27	32.28	31.68
	30	30.8	31.4	31.4	30.8	31.23	31.39	31.01
	45	25.8	23.7	23.7	25.1	25.15	24.11	23.97
	60	29.0	28.8	28.8	28.7	28.98	28.73	28.88
	75	26.6	26.3	26.3	26.8	26.17	26.56	26.33
Internal gradient									0.418	ns	***	ns
	15	6.33	6.17	6.57	6.99	6.20	6.45	6.79
	30	7.76	7.11	7.30	7.19	7.20	7.44	7.56
	45	12.43	14.16	13.52	12.08	12.85	13.66	14.17
	60	8.20	9.65	9.30	9.73	9.52	8.34	9.39
	75	11.81	11.53	11.43	12.09	11.25	11.44	11.87
External gradient									0.272	ns	***	ns
	15	16.61	16.64	17.04	17.21	16.67	16.94	16.67
	30	16.13	15.43	16.06	15.67	15.93	16.33	16.07
	45	15.86	16.39	15.99	15.56	16.36	15.93	16.49
	60	16.44	17.37	17.71	17.34	17.44	17.31	17.20
	75	19.48	19.38	19.41	19.88	19.74	19.31	19.51
Total gradient									0.322	*	***	ns
	15	10.28	10.47	10.47	10.22	10.47	10.49	9.89
	30	8.38	8.54	8.76	8.48	8.73	8.89	8.51
	45	3.42	2.22	2.47	3.47	3.50	2.46	2.33
	60	8.24	7.72	8.41	7.61	7.92	8.97	7.82
	75	7.67	7.84	7.98	7.79	8.49	7.86	7.64

D, day effect; T, treatment effect; T × D, interaction between treatment and day; W, water restriction.

^abcMeans with different superscript down the column are significantly different (P < 0.05).

ns, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001.

⁺3 g VC daily; ⁺⁺3 g VC daily + extra 5 g VC every eighth day.