. 2020 Apr 10;4(2):1113–1127. doi: 10.1093/tas/txaa044

Table 7.

Blood chemistry of water-restricted Xhosa goats supplemented with VC

		Treatment								Probability
Parameter	Day	W0	W70	W50	W70⁺	W50⁺	W70⁺⁺	W50⁺⁺	SEM	T	D	T × D
Urea, mmol/L									0.48	**	**	**
	30	5.10^d	7.07^bc	8.63^a	6.85^c	7.80^ab	7.10^b	8.25^a
	60	8.60^c	8.73^c	10.33^ab	7.50^d	9.73^b	8.55^c	11.00^a
	75	8.57^c	11.27^a	11.77^a	9.30^bc	11.43^a	9.80^b	11.73^a
Creatinine, mmol/L									3.26	**	**	*
	30	53.67	54.00	55.67	56.00	55.33	54.00	56.67
	60	40.00^c	43.33^bc	49.33^ab	48.33^ab	50.00^a	40.00^c	45.00^abc
	75	43.00	45.00	48.67	44.00	48.00	43.00	46.67
Glucose, mmol/L									0.12	**	**	**
	30	3.23^a	2.80^b	2.37^c	2.97^b	2.33^c	2.40^c	2.30^c
	60	2.47^a	2.37^ab	2.20^bc	2.40^ab	1.97^d	2.42^a	2.00^cd
	75	3.00^a	2.90^ab	2.70^bcd	2.97^b	2.53^de	2.37^ab	2.45^e
Total protein, g/L									2.20	**	**	**
	30	51.00^f	60.67^cd	70.00^a	56.67^de	65.67^ab	53.67^ef	63.33^bc
	60	52.00^c	54.33^c	73.67^a	54.00^c	63.33^b	53.00^c	65.00^b
	75	50.67^c	68.00^ab	68.00^ab	65.67^b	69.67^ab	66.33^b	71.67^a
Albumin, g/L									0.71	*	**	ns
	30	13.00^c	14.00^abc	15.33^a	13.67^bc	14.00^abc	11.67^d	14,67^ab
	60	12.00^b	12.67	13.00^b	12.00^b	14.67^a	12.33^b	14.76^a
	75	14.67^d	14.67	15.33^c	16.00^ab	15.00^cd	15.67^bc	16.67^a
Globulin, g/L									2.45	**	**	ns
	30	38.00^d	46.67	48.66^bc	45.00^c	51.67^ab	40.00^d	56.00^a
	60	40.00^c	41.66^c	50.33^b	42.00^c	48.66^b	40.67^c	61.01^a
	75	36.00^d	53.33^bc	55.00^b	49.65^c	54.67^b	50.66^bc	63.33^a
Bilirubin, μmol/L									0.68	ns	ns	*
	30	6.67	7.00	7.67	7.00	7.33	7.00	7.33
	60	5.33	6.67	7.00	6.00	6.33	7.00	7.00
	75	5.33	7.33	7.33	6.33	7.67	6.33	6.00
ALT, U/L									1.27	**	**	ns
	30	17.00	18.00	18.67	19.00	18.00	17.00	19.00
	60	16.00^b	16.33^b	21.33^a	16.33^b	20.33^a	19.00^a	20.67^a
	75	18.33^b	22.00^a	22.26^a	20.00^ab	21.50^a	21.00^ab	22.07^a
ALP, U/L									1.54	**	**	**
	30	30.67^bc	33.67^ab	23.00^d	32.00^bc	29.00^c	36.00^a	25.00^d
	60	38.00^a	38.33^a	28.33^c	39.33^a	32.00^b	40.00^a	30.00^bc
	75	44.33^b	46.00^ab	37.67^c	47.67^a	40.67^c	45.00^ab	44.67^b
Cholesterol, mmol/L									0.15	ns	**	ns
	30	1.30	1.56	1.55	1.36	1.35	1.34	1.47
	60	1.38	1.39	1.55	1.39	1.47	1.34	1.30
	75	0.95^b	1.11^ab	1.34^a	1.18^ab	1.16^ab	1.20^ab	1.09^ab
HDL, mmol/L									0.08	*	*	ns
	30	0.80^b	1.08^a	0.95^ab	1.03^ab	0.95^ab	0.83^b	1.07^ab
	60	0.83	0.99	1.08	1.05	1.01	0.88	0.98
	75	0.75	0.93	0.80	0.83	0.97	0.87	0.87
LDL, mmol/L									0.06	**	**	**
	30	0.30^b	0.42^ab	0.47^a	0.32^b	0.37^ab	0.30^b	0.38^ab
	60	0.23^b	0.37^a	0.35^a	0.32^ab	0.35^a	0.34^ab	0.36^a
	75	0.12	0.13	0.20	0.16	0.25	0.14	0.23
Triglyceride, mmol/L									0.04	**	*	ns
	30	0.18^bcd	0.24^ab	0.16^cd	0.25^ab	0.12^d	0.26^a	0.13^d
	60	0.17^cd	0.25^ab	0.17^cd	0.28^a	0.18^bcd	0.26^ab	0.12^d
	75	0.16^b	0.29^a	0.16^b	0.27^a	0.22^ab	0.23^ab	0.15^b

D, day effect; T, treatment effect; T × D, interaction between treatment and day; W, water restriction.

^abcdMeans with different superscript down the column are significantly different (P < 0.05).

ns, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001.

⁺3 g VC daily; ⁺⁺3 g VC daily + extra 5 g VC every eighth day.