Table 2.

The association of log₂(HOMA-IR) with cognition

		Cognitive Function Beta±SE (p-value)
		Total Learning	Recall Post-Interference (Memory)	Fluency	Digit Symbol Substitution Test
	Age	−0.13±0.01 (<0.001)	−0.06±0.05 (<0.001)	0.005±0.02 (0.81)	−0.42±0.02 (<0.001)
	log2(HOMA-IR)	0.02±0.11 (0.82)	0.008±0.05 (0.88)	0.18±0.16 (0.25)	0.36±0.22 (0.10)
Effect Modification of Age
	Age	−0.11±0.02 (<0.001)	−0.06±0.01 (<0.001)	0.01±0.03 (0.61)	−0.50±0.04 (<0.001)
	log2(HOMA-IR)	0.84±0.72 (0.24)	0.38±0.37 (0.30)	0.70±0.97 (0.47)	−2.83±1.50 (0.05)
	Age*log2(HOMA-IR)	−0.01±0.01 (0.24)	−0.006±0.006 (0.31)	−0.01±0.02 (0.60)	0.05±0.02 (0.02)

Note: log₂(HOMA-IR) was log 2 transformed to approximate normality and improve model fit; thus, beta weights reflect the effect of doubling HOMA-IR on cognition. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, smoking status, and language of test administration. Age is listed in the table given its interaction with log₂(HOMA-IR) was central to determining effect modification; however, only significant results with log₂(HOMA-IR) and age* log₂(HOMA-IR) are denoted with bold text given these were the outcomes of interest.