Fig. 2.

Potential mode of action. ACE2 has been described as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, so urothelial cells might be affected in COVID-19 patients [6]. As localization of expression is unclear so far, basal or luminal expression is possible, so two possible infection routes could be hypothesized: (1) infection via capillaries is possible, especially in the light of viraemia an infection route of interest; (2) infection via urine might be possible, as SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in urine elsewhere [7]. (3) Alternatively, cystitis might be secondary due to local inflammation (eg, endotheliitis) [4].

ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID19 = coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.