Table 2.
Selected baseline characteristics of the NIH-AARP participants (N = 453 465) across quintiles of the DIS and LIS, 1995–2011*
| DIS quintile |
LIS quintile |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics† | 1 (N = 90 743) | 3 (N = 90 744) | 5 (N = 90 743) | 1 (N = 91 994) | 3 (N = 91 456) | 5 (N = 82 198) |
| Score range | –14.9 to –2.0 | –0.6 to 0.6 | 2.0 to 12.8 | –1.1 to -0.7 | –0.2 to 0.2 | 0.8 to 2.4 |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age at entry, y | 61.6 (5.3) | 61.6 (5.4) | 61 (5.5) | 61.6 (5.4) | 61.5 (5.4) | 61.2 (5.3) |
| Male, % | 59.9 | 59.9 | 59.9 | 54.5 | 59.7 | 53.6 |
| White, % | 93.1 | 92.6 | 89.5 | 93.2 | 92.4 | 90.1 |
| College graduate higher, % | 48.0 | 40.5 | 27.6 | 48.9 | 39.6 | 29.0 |
| Marital status, % | 67.8 | 70.1 | 68.8 | 68.7 | 69.9 | 63.6 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| No comorbidity‡, % | 71.0 | 70.4 | 70.0 | 78.9 | 73.6 | 59.9 |
| HRT user (women), % | 49.6 | 46.8 | 36.8 | 55.2 | 47.6 | 34.7 |
| Family history of CRC‖, % | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.6 |
| Previously diagnosed with colon polyp, % | 9.1 | 9.7 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 9.8 |
| Lifestyle | ||||||
| Current smoker, % | 6.9 | 10.8 | 20.9 | 0.0 | 6.2 | 20.7 |
| Normal BMI¶, % | 38.6 | 34.9 | 33.5 | 100 | 33.9 | 1.4 |
| Nondrinker, % | 21.0 | 22.6 | 29.7 | 0.0 | 17.6 | 50 |
| Exercises ≥3 times/wk, % | 60.7 | 45.9 | 32.9 | 57.6 | 10.1 | 25.6 |
| Dietary intakes | ||||||
| Total energy, kcal/d | 1917 (812) | 1785 (767) | 1924 (870) | 1710 (674) | 1789 (755) | 2011 (960) |
| Carbohydrates, % kcal/d | 55.7 (9.9) | 52.1 (9.4) | 50.3 (9.8) | 55.1 (9.0) | 51.8 (9.4) | 49.4 (10.6) |
| Proteins, % kcal/d | 16.3 (3.2) | 15.5 (3.0) | 14.3 (3.2) | 15.3 (2.9) | 15.2 (3.1) | 15.1 (3.6) |
| Total fats, % kcal/d | 26.8 (7.4) | 30.5 (7.3) | 33.1 (7.6) | 28.6 (7.4) | 30.4 (7.5) | 31.1 (8.3) |
| Total calcium#, mg/d | 896 (493) | 757 (429) | 705 (446) | 753 (417) | 739 (428) | 793 (489) |
| Dietary fiber, g/1000 kcal/d | 14.0 (4.2) | 10.7 (3.2) | 8.0 (2.7) | 11.8 (4.0) | 10.4 (3.6) | 9.8 (3.7) |
| Reverse HEI-2015 score** | 58.6 (9.1) | 68.7 (7.7) | 74.3 (6.9) | 65.6 (9.7) | 67.1 (9.5) | 70 (9.1) |
| EDIP score†† | –0.15 (0.4) | –0.05 (0.3) | 0.05 (0.3) | –0.09 (0.3) | –0.06 (0.3) | –0.04 (0.4) |
Inflammation scores constructed as described in the text and Table 1; a higher score reflects a higher balance of proinflammatory exposures. BMI = body mass index; CRC = colorectal cancer; DIS = dietary inflammation score; EDIP = empirical dietary inflammatory pattern; HEI = Healthy Eating Index; HRT = hormone replacement therapy; LIS = lifestyle inflammation score; NIH-AARP = National Institutes of Health-American Association for Retired Persons Diet and Health Study; Reverse HEI-2015 = reverse-direction Healthy Eating Index-2015.
Presented as means (SD) unless otherwise specified.
Comprises self-reported baseline gallstone or gallbladder disease, emphysema, heart disease, or diabetes mellitus.
In a first-degree relative.
18.5–24.99 kg/m2.
Total = diet + supplements.
Calculated as described in Krebs-Smith et al. (28) except the direction of the contributions of the components to the score were reversed, such that a higher reverse HEI-2015 score reflects lower rather than higher adherence to HEI recommendations (ie, so a higher score would be higher risk); the Spearman correlation coefficient between the Reverse HEI-2015 and the DIS is Rs = 0.59.
Calculated as described in Tabung et al. (29); the Spearman correlation coefficient between the EDIP and the DIS is Rs = 0.25.