TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by baseline body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (n=452 259)
| BMI kg·m−2 | Waist circumference cm | |||||
| <18.5 | 18.5–<24.0 | 24.0–<28.0 | ≥28.0 |
<85 (male) <80 (female) |
≥85 (male) ≥80 (female) |
|
| Participants n | 17 579 | 235 379 | 151 649 | 47 652 | 262 902 | 189 357 |
| Age years mean | 53.8 | 50.7 | 51.3 | 51.9 | 49.3 | 52.8 |
| Female | 61.0 | 58.1 | 60.0 | 66.1 | 57.1 | 63.3 |
| Urban | 31.3 | 38.3 | 49.7 | 55.1 | 38.3 | 50.9 |
| Married | 88.6 | 90.6 | 92.3 | 92.1 | 90.7 | 91.9 |
| Primary school or lower | 51.5 | 49.4 | 49.1 | 51.9 | 49.5 | 49.8 |
| Current smoker | 32.4 | 27.9 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 27.4 | 24.7 |
| Passive smoker | 45.7 | 44.7 | 44.4 | 44.9 | 44.8 | 44.4 |
| Cooking with solid fuel | 40.2 | 36.9 | 35.4 | 35.1 | 37.3 | 35.0 |
| Heating with solid fuel | 38.5 | 37.3 | 36.9 | 37.4 | 37.3 | 37.1 |
| Drinking weekly | 13.9 | 15.1 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 15.3 |
| Consuming fruit daily | 14.9 | 18.2 | 19.0 | 19.3 | 18.2 | 19.0 |
| Consuming fresh vegetables daily | 93.1 | 94.4 | 95.1 | 95.1 | 94.3 | 95.1 |
| Consuming meat daily | 25.8 | 28.3 | 30.7 | 31.4 | 28.1 | 31.1 |
| Physical activity MET-h·day−1 | 21.5 | 22.2 | 21.3 | 20.1 | 22.2 | 20.8 |
| Respiratory symptoms# | 13.0 | 11.3 | 12.6 | 16.1 | 11.5 | 13.4 |
Data are presented as %, unless otherwise stated. Linear (for continuous variable) or logistic (for categorical variables) models were used to calculate predictive margins adjusting for age, sex and region. #: defined as the presence of any one of the following symptoms: 1) usually become short of breath when walking on level ground; 2) usually slow down due to chest discomfort when walking on level ground; 3) cough frequently during the past 12 months; and 4) cough up sputum after getting up in the morning during the past 12 months.