Figure 2.

Airway exosomes from influenza virus-infected mice evoke airway inflammation. (A–C) Levels of inflammatory cytokines in mouse BALf. Mice that received 0.75 μg of airway exosomes recovered from mice 2 days after intranasal delivery of either saline, poly I:C or influenza virus were killed 4 days later for analysis of inflammatory cytokines in BALf. In these studies, BALf of naïve mice and from mice infected 4 days earlier with influenza virus were included as controls. Data pooled from 2 to 3 experiments. Symbols represent individual mice (n = 2–14 mice per group, one-way ANOVA Dunnett's multiple comparison). (D–F) The absolute number of neutrophils (Ly6g+CD11b+), CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the lung of mice 4 days following intranasal delivery of 0.75 μg of exosomes recovered from the BALf of mice 2 days after intranasal delivery of either saline or influenza virus. Data pooled from 3 independent experiments. Symbols represent individual mice (n = 3–7 mice per group, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's multiple comparison). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.