Table 4. CSC impact on health worker-reported responsibilities and service provision outcomes among nurses/midwives and HSAs by treatment vs. control areas: Local average treatment effect (LATE) estimates, endline, 20141.
| Variable | Outcome | ITT Models | LATE Models | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITT | 95% CI | t | p | LATE | 95% CI | t | p | ||
| Service responsibilities | |||||||||
| Responsibility for core healthcare services | Antenatal care | 0.10 | 0.04–0.17 | 3.29 | 0.004 | 0.18 | 0.06–0.31 | 3.17 | .005 |
| Family planning provision | -0.07 | -0.22–0.09 | -0.94 | 0.361 | -0.12 | -0.41–0.16 | -0.91 | .374 | |
| HIV/PMTCT counseling | 0.04 | -0.09–0.17 | 0.63 | 0.539 | 0.07 | -0.16–0.29 | 0.63 | .534 | |
| HIV testing | -0.08 | -0.15 - -0.00 | -2.19 | 0.041 | -0.14 | -0.26 - -0.01 | -2.23 | .038 | |
| Labor and delivery | -0.00 | -0.06–0.05 | -0.12 | 0.909 | -0.01 | -0.11–0.10 | -0.12 | .908 | |
| Postpartum follow-up | 0.15 | -0.02–0.32 | 1.80 | 0.087 | 0.26 | -0.04–0.57 | 1.80 | .088 | |
| Record keeping/ tracking/ monitoring of pregnant & postpartum women | 0.09 | -0.02–0.20 | 1.67 | 0.111 | 0.16 | -0.03–0.34 | 1.75 | .096 | |
| Supervision of other providers | -0.05 | -0.20–0.11 | -0.63 | 0.538 | -0.08 | -0.37–0.20 | -0.62 | .546 | |
| Proportion of your working hours did you work in the community? | -0.01 | -0.47–0.45 | -0.05 | 0.958 | -0.02 | -0.84–0.80 | -0.05 | .958 | |
| Record keeping | Do you record how any pregnant women or new mothers you see each month?2 | 0.26 | 0.17–0.35 | 6.07 | < .001 | 0.44 | 0.31–0.58 | 7.03 | < .001 |
| Service provision | |||||||||
| Antenatal care (ANC) | Pregnant women visited at home at least once during their pregnancy? 2 | 0.53 | -0.03–1.09 | 1.98 | 0.062 | 0.93 | -0.10–1.97 | 1.89 | .075 |
| Number of times visited pregnant women in catchment area at home during their pregnancy? 2 | 0.02 | -0.33–0.38 | 0.13 | 0.899 | 0.04 | -0.59–0.66 | 0.13 | .899 | |
| Comprehensive ANC counseling | 0.18 | 0.05–0.30 | 2.95 | 0.008 | 0.31 | 0.08–0.53 | 2.80 | .011 | |
| Family planning (FP) | Comprehensive FP counseling | 0.02 | -0.13–0.17 | 0.33 | 0.749 | 0.04 | -0.23–0.31 | 0.33 | .747 |
| Of these women you counseled during the last month, about how many were young women or adolescents? | 0.15 | -0.12–0.41 | 1.17 | 0.257 | 0.26 | -0.21–0.73 | 1.15 | .264 | |
| About how old was the last woman you counseled about family planning? | -1.40 | -2.61 - -0.18 | -2.41 | 0.026 | -2.53 | -4.69 - -0.38 | -2.46 | .023 | |
| Thinking about the last time you provided family planning services to a woman, was she currently married? | 0.05 | -0.06–0.15 | 0.87 | 0.395 | 0.08 | -0.11–0.27 | 0.88 | .388 | |
| Thinking about the last time you provided family planning services to a woman, did she come with her partner? | 0.04 | -0.08–0.16 | 0.65 | 0.522 | 0.07 | -0.15–0.28 | 0.65 | .521 | |
1 LATE estimates represent percentage difference for binary outcomes and mean difference for continuous outcomes. All LATE models contained CSC participation instrumented on treatment assignment, and all ITT and LATE models contained the following covariates: age, religion, sex, ethnicity, location where health worker lives, electricity in home, and the time required to reach a main road.
2Nurses/midwives excluded from model.