Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients according to the status of left ventricular mass.
| Quartile of LVM | P-trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Quartile 59.0–128.0 g (n = 512) | 2 Quartile 128.0–155.9 g (n = 536) | 3 Quartile 155.9–186.4 g (n = 528) | 4 Quartile 186.4–624.6 g (n = 525) | ||
| Age (years) | 49.4 ± 12.3 | 53.6 ± 12.3* | 54.6 ± 11.5* | 56.4 ± 11.8*† | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 168, (32.8) | 307, (57.3)* | 374, (70.8)*† | 433, (82.5)*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 45, (8.8) | 82, (15.3)* | 108, (20.5)* | 103, (19.7)* | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 471, (92) | 518, (96.6)* | 522, (98.9)* | 521, (99.2)*† | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 115, (22.7) | 168, (31.6)* | 212, (40.4)*† | 249, (47.6)*† | <0.001 |
| Cause of chronic kidney disease | |||||
| Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 65, (12.7) | 111, (20.7)* | 162, (30.7)*† | 183, (34.9)**† | <0.001 |
| Hypertensive nephropathy, n (%) | 73, (14.3) | 111, (20.7)* | 87, (16.5) | 144, (27.5)*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Glomerulonephritis, n (%) | 215, (42.0) | 181, (33.8)* | 167, (31.6)* | 103, (19.7)*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Others (%) | 159, (31.1) | 133, (24.8) | 112, (21.2)* | 94, (17.9)*† | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 122.1 ± 14.8 | 127.0 ± 14.9* | 129.4 ± 15.8* | 132.5 ± 17.4*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 75.7 ± 10.6 | 77.3 ± 10.3 | 76.9 ± 10.8 | 78.0 ± 12.3* | 0.003 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.9 ± 10.0 | 65.6 ± 10.1* | 68.9 ± 10.5*† | 73.3 ± 11.7*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 160.5 ± 7.8 | 164.3 ± 8.3* | 165.8 ± 8.0* | 167.8 ± 7.9*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2* | 1.8 ± 0.2*† | 1.8 ± 0.2*†‡ | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 ± 3.3 | 24.3 ± 3.1* | 25.0 ± 3.1*† | 26.0 ± 3.3*†‡ | <0.001 |
| LVM (g) | 109.4 ± 13.7 | 141.5 ± 7.8* | 169.8 ± 8.8*† | 224.8 ± 42.9*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.8 ± 1.9 | 6.0 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 2.3* | 6.4 ± 2.6* | <0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/l) | 8.6 ± 4.7 | 9.3 ± 5.3 | 10.5 ± 5.5*† | 11.7 ± 6.2*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/l) | 131.3 ± 75.6 | 147.6 ± 92.8 | 164.0 ± 94.3* | 196.1 ± 125.3*†‡ | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 61.8 ± 32.8 | 56.3 ± 30.9 | 51.3 ± 29.2* | 44.3 ± 27.6*†‡ | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/l) | 11.7 ± 5.5 | 12.0 ± 5.4 | 11.3 ± 5.0 | 10.8 ± 5.0† | 0.001 |
| Serum albumin (g/l) | 41.9 ± 4.1 | 42.4 ± 3.6 | 41.7 ± 4.5 | 41.1 ± 4.7† | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.0* | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.7 ± 1.8 | 13.1 ± 2* | 12.9 ± 2.1 | 12.6 ± 2.1† | 0.510 |
| hsCRP (nmol/l) | 3.8 (1.4–12.1) | 5.7 (2.1–16.3)* | 5.7 (2.7–14.3)* | 8.2 (3.8–20.7)*†‡ | <0.001 |
| UPCR (g/g Cr) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.7)*† | 0.8 (0.2–2.3)*†‡ | <0.001 |
BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; BMI, body mass index; LVM, left ventricular mass; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; UPCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed continuous variables, median (interquartile range) for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and percentage for categorical variables. P-trend was analyzed by linear-term of one-way ANOVA for normally distributed continuous variables, Jonckheere-Terpstra test for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and a linear-by-linear association for categorical variables.
*, †, and ‡ meant P < 0.01 when compared to 1Q-3Q of LVM group, respectively, by using Bonferroni post-hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables