Table 2. Trends of echocardiographic parameter according to CKD stages.
| CKD Stage (n = 2,101) | P-trend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1(n = 344) | Stage 2 (n = 398) | Stage 3a (n = 344) | Stage 3b (n = 445) | Stage 4 (n = 444) | Stage 5 (n = 126) | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 126 ± 14.3 | 126.4 ± 14.7 | 126.5 ± 15.8 | 126.8 ± 15.8 | 130.2 ± 17.1*†‡ | 135.7 ± 20.9*†‡¶§ | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.4 ± 10.8 | 77.6 ± 10.5 | 76.9 ± 10.5 | 75.9 ± 10.4 | 76.3 ± 12.2 | 77.4 ± 12.5 | 0.004 |
| LVESD (cm) | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.5† | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 0.004 |
| LVEDD (cm) | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.5*† | 4.9 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| IVST (cm) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2* | 0.9 ± 0.2* | 1.0 ± 0.2*† | 1.0 ± 0.2*† | 1.0 ± 0.2*†‡ | <0.001 |
| PWT (cm) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1* | 0.9 ± 0.1*† | 1.0 ± 0.2*†‡ | 1.0 ± 0.2*†‡ | <0.001 |
| RWT | 0.36 ± 0.06 | 0.38 ± 0.07 | 0.38 ± 0.06* | 0.39 ± 0.07* | 0.39 ± 0.08* | 0.41 ± 0.09*†‡ | <0.001 |
| LVM (g) | 145.7 ± 44.0 | 153.7 ± 40.7 | 158.6 ± 40.3* | 165.4 ± 45.2*† | 174.2 ± 57.6*†‡ | 180.0 ± 55.8*†‡ | <0.001 |
| LVMI-BSA (g/m2) | 83.4 ± 20.5 | 87.4 ± 20.7 | 90.8 ± 20.4* | 95.7 ± 22.8*† | 101.3 ± 28.6*†‡¶ | 106.9 ± 29.0*†‡¶ | <0.001 |
| LVMI-H2.7 (g/m2.7) | 37.1 ± 9.8 | 39.0 ± 10.0 | 41.0 ± 10.0* | 43.5 ± 11.3*† | 46.0 ± 13.4*†‡ | 49.0 ± 13.8*†‡¶ | <0.001 |
| EF (%) | 64.0 ± 5.6 | 64.2 ± 6 | 63.9 ± 5.5 | 64.5 ± 5.8 | 63.8 ± 6.8 | 65.6 ± 6.2 | 0.288 |
| RWMA, n (%) | 4, (1.2) | 8, (2.0) | 10, (2.9) | 18, (4.0) | 22, (5.0)* | 3, (2.4) | 0.004 |
| LAD (cm) | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6* | 3.8 ± 0.6* | 3.9 ± 0.6*† | 3.9 ± 0.6* | <0.001 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; IVST, interventricular septum thickness; PWT, posterior wall thickness; RWT, relative wall thickness; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; BSA, body surface area; H2.7, height to the 2.7 power; EF, ejection fraction; RWMA, regional wall motion abnormality; LAD, left atrial diameter.
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. P-trend was analyzed by linear-term of one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and a linear-by-linear association for categorical variables.
*, †, ‡, ¶, and § meant P < 0.01 when compared to CKD stage 1, 2, 3a, 3b, and 4 by using Bonferroni post-hoc analysis of one-way ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.