Table 2. Echocardiographic characteristics of patients.
*p <0.05 paroxysmal vs. persistent AF; †p <0.05; paroxysmal vs. permanent AF; ‡ p <0.05 persistent vs. permanent Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (quartile range), and number (percentage) unless otherwise stated. Abbreviations: LAVI, left atrial volume indexed to Body Surface Area; LA enlargement, LAVI >34 ml/m2; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAPSE, mitral annular plane systolic excursion; EDT, E-wave deceleration time; E, peak velocity of early filling; Septal e', peak early diastolic septal mitral annular velocity by pulsed tissue Doppler; Lateral e', peak early diastolic lateral mitral annular velocity; Mean e', mean mitral annular peak early diastolic velocity; RV S', peak systolic velocity of the tricuspid annulus; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
| Whole group n=58 | Paroxysmal AF n=16 | Persistent AF n=14 | Permanent AF n=28 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEF (%) | 56 (50-60) | 60 (60-65) | 55 (45-62) | 55 (50-60) | 0.01 |
| LAVI (ml/m2) | 47.5 (35.7-53.8) | 35.5 (34.1-36.7) | 47.7 (43.1-53.4) | 51.4 (44.1-55.4) | 0.003 |
| LA enlargement, n (%) | 45 (76.2) | 11 (78.6) | 9 (81.8) | 25 (92.6) | 0.39 |
| MAPSE (mm) | 12 (9.7-16) | 16 (11-10) | 8 (10-13) | 10 (12-14) | 0.09 |
| EDT (ms) | 178 (148-232) | 232 (176-246) | 208 (148-229) | 150 (144-180) | 0.02 |
| E (cm/s) | 90.2 ± 23.2 | 77.4 ± 5.6 | 100.6 ± 6.5 | 94.4 ± 4.7 | 0.02 |
| Septal e'(cm/s) | 8.4 ± 3.0 | 7.7 ±0.8 | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 9.1 ± 0.7 | 0.45 |
| Lateral e'(cm/s) | 11.5 ± 3.8 | 10.4 ± 1.0 | 10.5 ± 1.1 | 12.9 ± 0.9 | 0.10 |
| E/septal e' | 11.9 (8.3-13.3) | 8.1 (7.6-11.8) | 13.2 (10.6-14.1) | 12.0 (9.0-13.3) | 0.07 |
| E/lateral e' | 9.3 (5.7-10.2) | 8.0 (5.7-10.1) | 10.2 (7.0-12.0) | 8.9 (5.6-9.9) | 0.09 |
| E/mean e' | 10.3 ± 3.6 | 9.7 ± 3.5 | 12.2 ± 4.6 | 9.7 ± 2.8 | 0.16 |
| RV S' (cm/s) | 12.1 ± 3.2 | 13.3 ± 1.0 | 12.1 ± 1.0 | 11.4 ±0.8 | 0.34 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 20 (17-24) | 23 (20-30) | 20 (17-25) | 18 (17-22) | 0.24 |