Table 3.

Summary of the Logistic Regression Results Estimating the Risk of Developing Poor Sleep Quality in Relation to SM Usage Indicators

			n = 842	%	Unadjusted OR	Upper CI	Lower CI	P-value	Adjusted ORa	Upper CI	Lower CI	P-value
Platform	Twitter	No	215	25.53
		Yes	627	74.47	0.635	0.896	0.450	0.010	0.771	1.134	0.524	0.186
	Snapchat	No	138	16.39
		Yes	704	83.61	0.730	1.094	0.487	0.127	0.811	1.288	0.511	0.375
	YouTube	No	752	89.31
		Yes	90	10.69	0.780	1.268	0.480	0.317	0.818	1.422	0.471	0.477
	WhatsApp	No	29	3.44
		Yes	813	96.56	0.447	0.952	0.210	0.037	0.493	1.223	0.199	0.127
	Instagram	No	142	16.87
		Yes	700	83.13	0.649	0.963	0.437	0.032	0.649	1.015	0.415	0.058
Purposes	Social	No	82	9.73
		Yes	760	90.27	0.877	1.470	0.524	0.619	0.814	1.472	0.450	0.497
	Entertainment	No	63	7.48
		Yes	779	92.52	0.580	1.000	0.337	0.050	0.694	1.304	0.370	0.257
	Education	No	159	18.89
		Yes	683	81.11	0.651	0.951	0.445	0.026	0.646	0.997	0.419	0.048
	Commercial	No	741	88.00
		Yes	101	12.00	0.731	1.226	0.436	0.236	0.633	1.127	0.356	0.120
Devices	Smartphone	No	8	0.95
		Yes	834	99.05	0.978	4.882	0.196	0.978	1.452	10.87	0.194	0.716
	Tablet	No	646	76.72
		Yes	196	23.28	0.707	1.046	0.477	0.083	0.766	1.178	0.497	0.225
	Laptop	No	403	47.87
		Yes	439	52.13	0.699	0.958	0.510	0.026	0.674	0.963	0.472	0.030
	P.C.	No	790	93.82
		Yes	52	6.18	1.534	2.800	0.840	0.164	1.542	3.018	0.787	0.207
Bedtime	Usage at bedtime	No	81	9.61
		Yes	761	90.39	0.457	0.736	0.284	0.001	0.509	0.866	0.300	0.013
Duration	Duration at bedtime	<1 hr	411	48.81
		1–2 hr	322	38.24	0.869	1.397	0.540	0.562	1.031	1.750	0.608	0.909
		>2 hr	109	12.95	1.685	2.813	1.010	0.046	1.688	2.975	0.957	0.070
	Duration per day	≤2 hr	257	30.52
		>2 hr	585	69.48	0.464	0.643	0.335	<0.001	0.461	0.667	0.318	<0.001
Frequency	Frequency per week	Not every day	85	10.10
		Every day	757	89.90	0.713	1.165	0.437	0.177	0.745	1.320	0.420	0.313
	Frequency per day	≤4 times	319	37.89
		>4 times	523	62.11	0.753	1.036	0.547	0.081	0.915	1.312	0.638	0.630

Notes: ^aAdjustments were made for gender, economic status, employment, living status, room environment, number of roommates, smoking, social status, alcohol use, illegal drug use, practicing physical exercise, caffeine consumption, depression, anxiety, chronic disease, BMI category, and having a nap. Items in bold indicate a p-value < 0.05.