Table 1.

Summary of nanoparticle size, zeta potential, and modulus

Particle	Z‐average diameter (nm)	Polydispersity index (PDI)	ζ‐potential (mV)	Bulk modulus
100 nm PS sphere	120	0.01	−50.2 ± 8.3	3,000 MPa54
200 nm PS sphere	220	0.01	−47.4 ± 5.4	3,000 MPa54
500 nm PS sphere	590	0.14	−43.9 ± 5.5	3,000 MPa54
2AR PS rod	210	0.05	−39.0 ± 6.2	3,000 MPa54
PEGDA sphere	180	0.12	−34.1 ± 4.3	3 MPa20