Table 1. Baseline Demographic Characteristics of Male Participants According to Smoking Status.
| Characteristic | Nonsmoker group (n = 43,961) | Smoker group (n = 160,105) | Standardized difference (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pack-year | - | 18.59 (8.63–25.88) | |
| Age (yr) | 56.53 ± 9.99 | 54.18 ± 8.99 | 24.7 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.15 (22.27–25.95) | 23.95 (22.05–225.77) | 7.0 |
| Blood chemistry | |||
| Blood sugar | 100.32 (84–105) | 101.08 (85–2106) | 2.2 |
| Total cholesterol | 196.69 (172–219) | 198.10 (173–2221) | 3.8 |
| SGOT (AST) | 28.64 (21–31) | 29.04 (18–234) | 2.0 |
| SGPT (ALT) | 29.49 (18–34) | 29.82 (18–234) | 1.4 |
| Medical history* | |||
| Hypertension | 2,435 (7.1) | 7,743 (6.2) | 3.7 |
| Heart disease | 332 (1.0) | 1,153 (0.9) | 0.5 |
| Stroke | 180 (0.5) | 428 (0.3) | 2.8 |
| Diabetes | 1,306 (3.8) | 4,417 (3.5) | 1.5 |
| Alcohol consumption* | |||
| Nondrinker | 21,549 (49.2) | 40,207 (25.2) | 55.3 |
| 2–3 Drinks per month | 8,089 (18.5) | 30,504 (19.1) | |
| 1–2 Drinks per week | 9,085 (20.7) | 51,839 (32.5) | |
| 3–4 Drinks per week | 3,204 (7.3) | 23,769 (14.9) | |
| Everyday drinker | 1,907 (4.4) | 13,390 (8.4) | |
| Physical activity (exercise frequency)* | 17.9 | ||
| None | 19,933 (46.3) | 64,469 (40.4) | |
| 1–2 Per week | 12,991 (30.2) | 46,535 (29.2) | |
| 3–4 Per week | 4,989 (11.6) | 20,483 (12.8) | |
| 5–6 Per week | 1,345 (3.1) | 6,797 (4.3) | |
| Everyday | 3,774 (8.8) | 21,202 (13.3) | |
| Socioeconomic status† | 6.9 | ||
| High | 18,320 (41.7) | 61,312 (38.3) | |
| Middle | 15,326 (34.9) | 39,288 (24.5) | |
| Low | 10,315 (23.5) | 59,505 (37.2) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, mean (interquartile range), or number (%).
SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, AST: aspartate transaminase, SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ALT: alanine transaminase.
*Medical history, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were self-reported. †Socioeconomic status was classified into three categories based on income.