. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Addict Biol. 2019 Nov 20;25(6):e12830. doi: 10.1111/adb.12830

Table 1.

Demographics of non-dependent controls and individuals with a substance dependence, across Models I - III (Mean (SD))

I	Non-dependent controls	Dependent users^a
	N = 1535	N = 2270
Sex (M/F %)	58.5/41.5	66.4/33.6^*
Age (Years)	27.5 (9.9)	32.7 (10.7)^*
ICV (10⁶)^b	1.44 (0.23)	1.49 (0.22)^*
II	Non-dependent controls	AlcD	NicD	CocD	MetD	CbD
	N = 1535	N = 830	N = 565	N = 309	N = 171	N = 210
Sex (M/F %)	58.5/41.5	65.4/34.6^*	57.5/42.5	78.3/21.7^*	66.7/32.6^*	69.5/30.5^*
Age (Years)	27.5 (9.9)	32.9 (11.3)^*	31.1 (9.9)^*	39.1 (8.1)^*	31.1 (9.1)^*	25.6 (9.3)^*
ICV (10⁶)	1.44 (0.23)	1.53 (0.22)^*	1.48 (0.22)^*	1.41 (0.20)	1.55 (0.16)^*	1.51 (0.19)^*
III	Non-smoking controls	Smoking controls	NicD
	N = 918	N = 189	N = 565
Sex (M/F %)	61.1/38.9	64.0/36.0	57.5/42.5
Age (Years)	29.7 (9.6)	28.9 (9.4)	31.1 (9.9)^*
ICV (10⁶)	1.41 (0.24)	1.52 (0.20)^*	1.48 (0.22)^*

Substance dependence include AlcD = alcohol, NicD = nicotine, CocD = cocaine, MetD = meth, and CbD = cannabis dependence

ICV = intracranial volume, measured in mm³

p<.05. Each dependent group was compared against non-dependent controls (or non-smoking controls in Model III) with t-tests for Age and ICV and χ² tests for Sex.