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. 2020 May 19;10:8277. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65050-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cytoskeletal morphology and distribution of hCh inside 3D plotted monophasic algMC scaffolds. Fluorescence staining of cell nuclei (blue: DAPI) and cytoskeletal F actin filaments (green: phalloidin) in diff and ctrl condition. (A,B) Cells provided with their respective chondrogenic factors remained inside the 3D matrix of the algMC strands after 7 and 21 days, starting to form chondrogenic clusters (B) after 3 weeks. (C,D) Cells in ctrl cultivation condition started to migrate out of the strand core towards the gel surface colonizing the entire strand. (D) Orthogonal views from additionally projected yz and xz perspective on the cell distribution in orthogonal layers of the strand.