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. 2020 May 19;10:8278. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65211-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histological verification of animal models of hyperkinetic movement. (a) Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry showing unilateral deprivation of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum (arrowheads) in a parkinsonian rat with levodopa-induced dyskinesia. (b) Bilateral striatal lesions (arrows) in a rat with hyperkinesia after direct intrastriatal 3-NP injection shown by cresyl violet staining. (c) Cresyl violet staining showing trajectories of the combined microinjection cannula/stimulation electrode in the bilateral subthalamic region in a levodopa-induced dyskinesia parkinsonian rat.