Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to age-adjusted body mass index at baseline
| Parameter | Total group | Normal BMI group | Overweight group | P | Obese group | P | P1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (%) | 1963 (100) | 327 (16.7) | 955 (48.7) | 681 (34.7) | |||
| Mean age (± SD), years | 60.1 ± 0.3 | 59.4 ± 0.6 | 59.2 ± 0.3 | NS | 60.3 ± 0.40 | NS | < 0.05 |
| Male, n (%) | 702 (35.7) | 120 (36.7) | 392 (41.1) | 190 (27.9) | |||
| Female, n (%) | 1261 (64.3) | 207 (63.3) | 563 (58.9) | 491 (72.1) | |||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 434 (22.0) | 96 (29.3) | 278 (29.1) | NS | 172 (25.2) | NS | < 0.05 |
| History of hypertension in one parent, n (%) | 1064 (54.0) | 181 (55.4) | 525 (55.0) | NS | 371 (54.4) | NS | NS |
| History of hypertension in both parents, n (%) | 497 (25.2) | 68 (20.8) | 243 (25.4) | NS | 193 (28.4) | NS | < 0.05 |
| Mean duration of hypertension (± SD), years | 10.3 ± 0.9 | 11.3 ± 1.6 | 10.1 ± 0.9 | NS | 10.3 ± 0.9 | NS | NS |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||||||
| Angina pectoris | 514 (26.1) | 78 (23.9) | 250 (26.2) | NS | 210 (30.8) | 0.05 | < 0.05 |
| Myocardial infarction | 129 (6.6) | 28 (8.8) | 75 (7.9) | NS | 55 (8.1) | NS | NS |
| Stroke | 129 (6.6) | 19 (5.9) | 54 (5.6) | NS | 57 (8.4) | NS | < 0.05 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 276 (14.0) | 23 (7.1) | 113 (11.8) | < 0.05 | 152 (22.3) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Heart failure | 1442 (73.2) | 246 (75.2) | 683 (71.5) | NS | 530 (77.9) | NS | < 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.4 ± 0.2 | 23.3 ± 0.1 | 27.4 ± 0.1 | 0.0001 | 33.6 ± 0.1 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 169.1 ± 1.8 | 168.1 ± 0.5 | 169.8 ± 0.3 | < 0.05 | 171.2 ± 0.3 | 0.001 | NS |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 98.5 ± 1.3 | 97.3 ± 0.3 | 98.1 ± 0.2 | < 0.05 | 98.8 ± 0.3 | 0.0001 | < 0.05 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 77.2 ± 0.6 | 76.7 ± 0.5 | 77.0 ± 0.3 | NS | 77.8 ± 0.4 | NS | NS |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 87.9 ± 0.7 | 85.6 ± 0.4 | 85.7 ± 0.3 | NS | 88.1 ± 0.3 | < 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| CKD-EPI glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73.7 ± 0.9 | 73.9 ± 2.7 | 74.3 ± 1.5 | NS | 69.4 ± 0.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.6 ± 0.06 | 5.8 ± 0.03 | < 0.05 | 5.9 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 | < 0.05 |
| Number of patients with TC concentration more than 5 mmol/L, n (%) | 1490 (75.9) | 221 (67.5) | 732 (76.6) | < 0.01 | 537 (78.9) | < 0.0001 | NS |
| ECG signs of LVH, n (%) | 1550 (78.7) | 245 (74.9) | 752 (78.8) | NS | 581 (85.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.0001 |
| Echocardiographic signsa of LVH, n (%) | 1328 (67.4) | 204 (62.5) | 650 (68.1) | NS | 486 (71.4) | < 0.01 | NS |
| ECG and echocardiographic signsa of LVH, n (%) | 1210 (61.5) | 190 (58.2) | 584 (61.2) | NS | 455 (66.8) | < 0.01 | < 0.05 |
| Hypertensive crisis, n (%) | 625 (31.7) | 92 (27.1) | 295 (30.9) | NS | 241 (35.4) | < 0.01 | NS |
| Hospital admissions for hypertensive crisis, n (%) | 305 (15.5) | 28 (8.6) | 158 (16.5) | < 0.001 | 124 (18.2) | < 0.0001 | NS |
| VAS score | 46.2 ± 2.0 | 46.7 ± 0.7 | 46.9 ± 0.4 | NS | 45.5 ± 0.5 | NS | NS |
Values are mean ± SE or numbers and corresponding percentages
P, comparison between overweight or obese vs. normal BMI group
P1, comparison between obese vs. overweight group
BMI body mass index, HT hypertension, NYHA New York Heart Association, BP blood pressure, CKD-EPI formula for calculation of glomerular filtration rate, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, ECG electrocardiography, EchoCG echocardiography, VAS visual analogue scale, NS non-significant
aEchocardiographic LVH could be defined using both M-mode and 2D Doppler methods