Table 2.
Univariate Analysis from the Derivation Dataset
| Characteristic | Cases (%) (n = 207) |
Controls (%) (n = 605) |
OR | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years | 0.05 | ||||
| < 20 | 11% | 7% | 1.92 | 1.06–3.48 | |
| 21–29 | 59% | 68% | 1 | ||
| ≥ 30 | 30% | 26% | 1.37 | 0.93–2.01 | |
| Parity | 0.05 | ||||
| 1 | 45% | 53% | 1 | ||
| ≥ 2 | 55% | 47% | 1.37 | 1.0–1.89 | |
| Admission Age, hours | 0.07 | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 58% | 51% | 1 | ||
| > 1 | 42% | 49% | 0.75 | 0.54–1.03 | |
| Gender | 0.79 | ||||
| Male | 61% | 60% | 1 | ||
| Female | 39% | 40% | 0.96 | 0.69–1.32 | |
| Gestational Age, weeks | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≥ 37 | 42% | 74% | 1 | ||
| 32–36 | 25% | 24% | 1.86 | 1.26–2.79 | |
| < 32 | 34% | 3% | 21.4 | 12.0–38.1 | |
| Birthweight, grams | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≥ 2500 | 34% | 65% | 1 | ||
| 1500–2499 | 35% | 32% | 2.13 | 1.47–3.08 | |
| < 1500 | 31% | 3% | 19.3 | 10.9–34.2 | |
| Onset of Labor | 0.11 | ||||
| Spontaneous | 97% | 94% | 1 | ||
| Induced | 3% | 6% | 0.51 | 0.21–1.23 | |
| Delivery | 0.07 | ||||
| Vaginal | 75% | 69% | 1 | ||
| C-section | 25% | 31% | 0.72 | 0.50–1.03 | |
| Antenatal Care | 92% | 95% | 0.54 | 0.29–1.00 | 0.06 |
| Maternal HIV positive | 4% | 4% | 1.18 | 0.51–2.71 | 0.70 |
| Suctioned at Delivery | 27% | 17% | 1.77 | 1.21–2.56 | 0.003 |
| Bag & Mask at Delivery | 28% | 13% | 2.46 | 1.67–3.61 | < 0.001 |
| Intubated at Delivery | 5% | 2% | 2.51 | 1.07–5.90 | 0.04 |
| CPAP on admission | 59% | 10% | 13.8 | 9.37–20.34 | < 0.001 |
| Admission Heart Rate | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 100 | 5% | 0.005% | 12.0 | 3.31–45.6 | |
| 100–160 | 81% | 90% | 1 | ||
| > 160 | 14% | 9% | 1.73 | 1.07–2.80 | |
| Admission Respiratory Rate | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 30 | 10% | 1% | 9.06 | 3.88–21.2 | |
| 30–60 | 50% | 62% | 1 | ||
| > 60 | 40% | 36% | 1.37 | 0.98–1.91 | |
| Admission Temperature, Celsius | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 36.0 | 83% | 58% | 7.10 | 3.53–14.29 | |
| 36.0–36.4 | 6% | 13% | 2.22 | 0.90–5.51 | |
| 36.5–37.5 | 4% | 21% | 1 | ||
| > 37.5 | 6% | 7% | 4.17 | 1.67–10.42 | |
| Admission Respiratory Distress | < 0.001 | ||||
| None | 15% | 61% | 1 | ||
| Mild | 5% | 9% | 2.53 | 1.20–5.35 | |
| Moderate | 40% | 25% | 6.75 | 4.27–10.7 | |
| Severe | 40% | 6% | 28.1 | 16.4–48.3 | |
| Admission Level of Consciousness | < 0.001 | ||||
| Alert | 59% | 92% | 1 | ||
| Irritable | 4% | 2% | 3.38 | 1.39–8.19 | |
| Lethargic | 27% | 6% | 7.21 | 4.53–11.5 | |
| Comatose | 9% | 1% | 21.4 | 7.15–64.0 | |
| Gestational Size | 0.86 | ||||
| Small for Gestational Age | 32% | 33% | 1 | ||
| Appropriate for Gestational Age | 62% | 62% | 1.01 | 0.72–1.43 | |
| Large for Gestational Age | 6% | 5% | 1.21 | 0.61–2.45 | |
| Head Size | 0.65 | ||||
| Microcephalic | 8% | 6% | 1 | ||
| Normocephalic | 59% | 62% | 0.77 | 0.41–1.47 | |
| Macrocephalic | 33% | 31% | 0.87 | 0.45–1.70 |
OR = odds ratio
Each row represents a separate univariate model. The following variables had more than 15% missing and were excluded from the multivariate analysis: duration of labor, rupture of membranes, 1st minute APGAR, and 5th minute APGAR. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding