Table 3.
Relationships between monoaminergic system function and personality traits.
| Reference | Sample size | Approach | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| (221) | 290 (147 males and 143 females) | Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire | Four tagged single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs), including DRD4, were related to Neuroticism and the 4 tagSNPs, including DRD2 and DRD4, were associated with Sensation Seeking. |
| (222) | 99 females | NEO | MAOA-u variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism significantly associated with trait Neuroticism. No associations with COMT Val158 Met, 5-HTTLPR, or DAT 3'UTR VNTR. |
| (223) | 600 males | NEO-FFI | DRD4 significantly related to extraversion, the DAT1 to agreeability. |
| (218) | 127,685 subjects | NEO-PI-R and Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ) | Dopamine-system only in climatic stress closely related to personality trait Neuroticism and Extraversion. Interaction between dopamine and climatic demands significant for Openness/Intellect on OPQ scores. |
| (224) | 50 males | TCI | 5-HT1A receptor binding not associated with ST/SA scores. |
| (225) | 3,112 subjects | Swedish translation of Schafer's FFM rating scale | Openness (to experience) associated with serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region. |
| (226) | 1,139 (550 males and 589 females) | Short-form Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) | Serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and rs25531) associated with Neuroticism in males. |
| (227) | 69 (51 males and 18 females) | NEO | No association between personality traits and 5-HT4R. |
| (228) | 147 (91 males and 56 females) | NEO-PI-R NEO-FFI, | Neuroticism positively associated with serotonin transporter binding potential in males, negatively associated with serotonin transporter in females. |
| (229) | 44 (22 males and 22 females) | Karolinksa Scales of Personality | Explicit associations between the D2/3R and the trait impulsivity. |
| (230) | 61 (47 males and 14 females) | Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale | Positive correlations of 5-HT4R with BPAQ total score and BPAQ physical aggression score in males. |
| (231) | 272 females | NEO-FFI | Statistically significant relationship between Openness to experience score and the 5-HTT polymorphism. No significant relationship between NEO-FFI score and MAO-A polymorphism. |
| (232) | 1,576 (675 males and 901 females) | Estonian version of Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) | Lower Neuroticism and higher Conscientiousness scores significantly related to tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2). |
| (233) | 616 (273 males and 373 females) | NEO-FFI | Higher COMT enzymatic activity (GG) related to lower Neuroticism, higher Agreeableness, and higher Conscientiousness scores. |
| (234) | 34 (18 males and 16 females) | Karolinska Scales of Personality | Negative relation between Neuroticism and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor binding. |
| (235) | 16 subjects | TCI | Self-transcendence was associated with serotonin transporter (SERT) availability. |
| (236) | 575 (274 males and 301 females) | TPQ | HA2, HA3 and RD1 scores significantly associated with NTR1 polymorphism rs6090453. HA2 and total RD scores significantly associated with rs6011914. No associations between NS and the selected SNPs. |
| (237) | 12 males | TPQ | Significant correlation between DA synthesis ability in the ventral striatum and NS3. |
| (238) | 46 subjects | Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) | No significant result. |
| (239) | 599 (341 males and 258 females) | Zuckerman Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) | D4R promoter polymorphisms not related to Sensation seeking. |
| (240) | 372 males | TCI and Eysenck personality questionnaire | Significant associations between Sensation seeking and both 5-HTTLPR and 5-HT2CR. |
| (241) | 72 (41 males and 31 females) | NEO PI-R | Openness to experience was related DRD2-mediated transmission. |
| (242) | 2075 subjects | TCI | Positive correlation between 5-HTT BPND and SD score. |
| (243) | 94 (60 males and 34 females) | Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and BIS-11 | No associations between 5-HT2AR and AQ or BIS-11 total scores. |
| (244) | 418 (104 males and 314 females) | the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour–Temperament Inventory | Significant association between DAT1 polymorphism and sensory sensitivity. Sex/DRD4 interaction impacts the same trait. |
| (245) | 1,084 (407 males and 677 females) | TCI | No significant association between -141C Ins/Del polymorphism or the DRD2/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1) Taq1 A polymorphism and personality traits, but an ANKK1 × DRD2 interaction affects TCI scores. |
| (246) | 502 (240 males and 262 females) | TPQ | No significant association between CK1ϵ and TPQ scores. |
| (247) | 1,091 subjects | EPQ | No significant result. |
| (248) | 20 males | NEO | Significant associations between low 5-HTT in the dorsal raphe nucleus and both straight forwardness and trusting personality. |
| (249) | 21 (8 males and 13 females) | TCI | HA score negatively correlated with D2/3 receptor availability. |
| (250) | 652 (222 males and 430 females) | Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Temperament and Character Inventory-125 (TCI-125). | Significant effects of ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A on Neuroticism and of dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) rs27072 on Persistence in both sexes. Significant association between ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A A2/A2-genotype and higher NS and lower RD in males. Significant association between SLC6A3 10R*G-haplotype and higher Persistence in females. |
| (251) | 289 (123 males and 166 females) | TCI | No significant associations with TCI scores. |
| (252) | 94 (14 males and 80 females) | Dutch personality questionnaire (DPQ) | 5-HTTLPR S-allele increases affective reactivity to examination stress independent of trait Neuroticism. |
| (253) | 216 (129 males and 87 females) | TPQ and Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory | S allele of 5-HTTLPR was related to higher NS scores. |
| (254) | 483 (222 males and 261 females) | BIS-11 and Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale | S allele of 5-HTTLPR was associated with high maladaptive impulsivity. |
| (255) | 502 (240 males and 262 females) | TPQ | Significant associations between rs12601930C/T and the trait NS. Both rs879606A/G and rs3764352A/G associated with HA. |
| (256) | 16 (8 males and 8 females) | Swedish universities Scales of Personality | Social desirability negatively correlated with D2-receptor availability in striatum. |
| (257) | 21 (10 males and 11 females) | TCI | The different regions of 5-HT2A affects Persistence independent of sex. |
| (258) | 50 (35 males and 15 females) | NEO PI-R | Negative correlation between Openness to Experience and in vivo cerebral 5-HTT binding. |
| (259) | 1,114 subjects | TCI | DRD2 related to Novelty seeking in childhood. |
| (260) | 83 (52 males and 31 females) | NEO PI-R | Positive correlation between 5-HT2A binding and Neuroticism. |
| (261) | 549 (304 males and 245 females) | TCI | Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-VNTR) gene high-activity allele exhibited significant higher P scores than low-activity gene in females. |
| (262) | 301 subjects | EPQ and TCI | 5-HTT gene S Tin2.10 allele associated with Neuroticism and HA. |
| (263) | 31 subjects | NEO | Positive correlation between neuroticism and 5-HTT binding in the thalamus. |
| (264) | 42 (19 males and 23 females) | Maudsley personality inventory | Lie scale related to striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability. |
| (265) | 324 subjects | TCI | Significant associations between monoamine oxidase A polymorphism and both NS and RD. |
| (266) | 256 subjects | NEO PI-R | No significant interaction among three functional polymorphisms in the tyrosine hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase A, and COMT genes on personality traits. |
| (267) | 370 females | TPQ | MAOA-uVNTR gene related to HA of TPQ, and the HA4 got the highest score. |
| (268) | 149 (65 males and 84 females) | TCI and NEO-PI-R | Association between rs1050450 polymorphism and Openness on NEO. No association was found using TCI. |
| (269) | 219 females | TCI | No significant associations between monoamine oxidase A promoter polymorphism and personality traits. |
| (270) | 33 subjects | Karolinska Scales of Personality | High scores on somatic anxiety and muscular tension and irritability significantly associated with reduced [18F] fluorodopa uptake in the caudate. |
| (271) | 15 males | TCI | 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BPND) negatively correlated with ST/SA. |
| (272) | 115 subjects | NEO-FFI | DRD4 exon III and -521C/T not related to any personality trait. |
| (273) | 101 females | TCI | Association between DRD4 variants of DRD4 and both NS and P personality traits. |
| (274) | 149 (57 males and 92 females), and 252 (103 males and 149 females) | TPQ | COMT gene polymorphism related to higher HA scores in females, with Met158/Met158 genotype most strongly associated. |
| (275) | 66 males | TPQ and EPQ | EPQ correlated with [11C]WAY-100635 binding of 5-HT1A receptors. |
| (276) | 71 (33 males and 38 females) | NEO-FFI | Significant interaction of sex and DRD4 polymorphisms (-616 and -521C) related to Extraversion scores. |
| (277) | 11 (8 males and 3 females) | TPQ | Cerebral cortex 5-HT2A receptors associated with HA. |
| (278) | 371 (206 males and 165 females) | Karolinska Scales of Personality, Scandinavian Universities Scales of Personality, Health-Relevant 5-Factor Personality inventory, TCI and NEO-PI-R | No association between MAOA promoter region and personality traits in Swedish population. |
| (279) | 16 males | TCI | Significant relation between dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and personality trait of HA. |
| (280) | 24 males | TCI | NS scores negatively correlated with D2R. |
| (281) | 19 (11 males and 8 females) | NEO-PI-R | Negative correlation between Neuroticism and cortical 5-HT1A receptor. |
| (282) | 577 subjects | TPQ | COMT and 5-HTTLPR significantly related to RD2 scores by grouping. |
| (283) | 18 (10 males and 8 females) | Karolinska Scales of Personality | Negative correlation between dopamine transporter and detachment personality scores, especially in the right hemisphere. |
| (284) | 86 subjects | TCI | DRD4 exon III -521C/T polymorphism significantly associated with NS, with higher scores for C/C genotype. |
| (285) | 256 subjects | NEO PI-R | No association between extraversion and DRD4 polymorphisms. |
| (286) | 902 (505 males and 397 females) | NEO-PI-R | Higher NEO Neuroticism related to 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. |
| (287) | 69 females | TCI | Significant association between DRD4 exon III long allele and NS scores. |
| (288) | 119 males | TPQ | Young males with all three minor DRD2 alleles and the DRD4 7R allele show the most significant difference in NS scores. |
| (289) | 341 (204 males and 137 females) | TPQ | No significant difference between D4 dopamine-receptor (DRD4) and the trait NS. |
| (290) | 126 subjects | Karolinska Scales of Personality | DRD4 polymorphisms not related to personality traits. |
| (291) | 153 females | TCI | Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) polymorphic exon III related to NS subscale of Exploratory Excitability. |
| (292) | 124 subjects | TPQ | Association between NS scores and D4DR polymorphisms. |
| (293) | 115 subjects | TCI | Norepinephrine transporter T-182C gene polymorphism was associated with personality trait RD in Koreans. |
| (294) | 270 subjects (117 males and 153 females) | NEO-FFI | NET gene polymorphisms related to extraversion. |