Table 1.
Univariate analysis of patients' clinical characteristics and image features.
| Total | Lymph node status | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pN+ | pN0 | |||
| All patients | 1102 | 116 (10.5) | 986 (89.3) | |
| Age, years | 58 [51–65] | 59 [53–66] | 58 [50–64] | 0.382 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 403 (36.6) | 52 (44.8) | 351 (35.6) | 0.051 |
| Female | 699 (63.4) | 64 (55.2) | 635 (64.4) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Yes | 218 (19.8) | 32 (27.6) | 186 (18.9) | 0.026 |
| No | 884 (80.2) | 84 (72.4) | 800 (81.1) | |
| Tumor side | ||||
| Left | 461 (41.8) | 49 (42.2) | 412 (41.8) | 0.925 |
| Right | 641 (58.2) | 67 (57.8) | 574 (58.2) | |
| Tumor size, cm | 1.3 [1.0–1.7] | 1.7 [1.5–2.0] | 1.2 [1.0–1.6] | <0.001 |
| Imaging density | ||||
| pGGO | 431 (39.1) | 0 (0.0) | 431 (43.7) | <0.001 |
| mGGO (solid <50%) | 330 (30.0) | 51 (44.0) | 279 (28.3) | |
| mGGO (solid ≥ 50%) | 146 (13.2) | 27 (23.3) | 119 (12.1) | |
| Solid nodule | 195 (17.7) | 38 (32.7) | 157 (15.9) | |
| Spiculation | ||||
| Yes | 587 (53.3) | 70 (60.3) | 517 (52.4) | 0.106 |
| No | 515 (46.7) | 46 (39.7) | 469 (47.6) | |
| Vessel convergence | ||||
| Yes | 234 (21.2) | 17 (14.7) | 217 (22.0) | 0.067 |
| No | 868 (78.8) | 99 (85.3) | 769 (78.0) | |
| Lobulation | ||||
| Yes | 403 (36.6) | 52 (44.8) | 351 (35.6) | 0.071 |
| No | 699 (63.5) | 64 (55.2) | 635 (64.4) | |
| Pleural indentation | ||||
| Yes | 294 (26.7) | 43 (37.1) | 251 (25.5) | 0.007 |
| No | 808 (73.3) | 73 (62.9) | 735 (74.5) | |
| Calcification | ||||
| Yes | 21 (1.9) | 4 (3.4) | 17 (1.8) | 0.414 |
| No | 1081 (98.1) | 112 (96.6) | 969 (98.2) | |
| Tumor SUVmax | 1.3 [0.7–2.9] | 5.9 [3.2–8.7] | 1.2 [0.7–2.3] | <0.001 |
| CA242 | 6.4 [3.4–12.7] | 7.5 [4.5–16.5] | 6.1 [3.3–12.5] | 0.131 |
| SCCAg | 0.8 [0.6–1.0] | 0.8 [0.6–1.0] | 0.8 [0.6–1.0] | 0.473 |
| CEA | 1.89 [1.20–2.83] | 3.63 [2.08–6.69] | 1.79 [1.15–2.60] | <0.001 |
| CA199 | 10 [6.8–16.9] | 12.1 [7.4–22.0] | 9.9 [6.7–16.8] | 0.072 |
| CA125 | 10.7 [8.0–15.0] | 13.3 [9.0–30.1] | 10.5 [7.9–14.1] | 0.001 |
| CA724 | 1.9 [1.2–4.3] | 2.5 [1.4–5.6] | 1.9 [1.2–4.2] | 0.128 |
| CA153 | 9.6 [7.3–13.1] | 10.6 [8.0–14.4] | 9.5 [7.2–12.9] | 0.030 |
| NSE | 13.6 [11.6–15.6] | 13.5 [11.8–15.8] | 13.6 [11.5–15.6] | 0.577 |
| TPS | 46.68 [29.41–83.10] | 54.22 [28.77–110.40] | 46.68 [29.30–79.80] | 0.492 |
| Cyfra211 | 1.92 [1.42–2.68] | 2.01 [1.63–2.97] | 1.90 [1.40–2.62] | 0.013 |
| ProGRP | 32.1 [26.0–40.5] | 33.6 [26.5–45.4] | 32.1 [26.0–40.1] | 0.115 |
pGGO, pure ground glass opacity; mGGO, mixed ground glass opacity; Solid <50%/Solid > 50%: the ratio between the maximal diameter of the solid component at the mediastinal window and the maximal tumor diameter at the lung window <50%/ > 50% in mGGO; SUVmax, maximal standardized uptake value; CA242, carbohydrate antigen 24-2; SCCAg, squamous cell carcinoma antigen; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CA125, carbohydrate antigen 12-5; CA724, carbohydrate antigen 72-4; CA153, carbohydrate antigen 15-3; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; TPS, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen; Cyfra211, cytokeratin 19-fragments; proGRP, pro-gastrin-releasing peptide.