HFD reduced T. musculis colonization ability. T. musculis-negative WT B6 mice fed ND were orally administered purified T. musculis on day 0, and on the next day the food was switched to the specific type of diet as indicated. Two weeks later, the cecal contents were collected. (A) The bacterial concentration in the cecal content. (B and C) The commensal bacterial α-diversity indicated by the Shannon index (B) and Chao1 index (C). (D) The concentration of T. musculis in the cecal content. The experiments were performed at least 2 times. The error bars represent standard deviations (n = 5 to 9 in each group). **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; T. mu, T. musculis.