Table 4.
Description of Patients Who Experienced Clinical Failure With Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Therapy
| Case | Type of Infection | Concomitant BSI | Therapy Before C/T | Dose of C/T for the Present Infection | Concomitant Isolates | Additional Information | Reason for Clinical Failure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HAP | Yes | Cefepime | Off-label dosage | No | Septic shock, CRRT | Died |
| 2 | HAP | Yes | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | Acinetobacter baumannii | Septic shock | Died |
| 3 | HAP | Yes | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | Acinetobacter baumannii | Septic shock, CRRT | Lack of clinical response |
| 4 | HAP | Yes | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Septic shock | Died |
| 5 | HAP | Yes | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Off-label dosage | No | Septic shock | Lack of clinical response |
| 6 | HAP | Yes | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | CRRT | Lack of clinical response |
| 7 | VAP | Yes | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Off-label dosage | No | Septic shock | Died |
| 8 | VAP | Yes | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Off-label dosage | No | Septic shock | Lack of clinical response |
| 9 | VAP | Yes | Meropenem | Off-label dosage | No | CRRT | Lack of clinical response |
| 10 | VAP | Yes | Meropenem | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Septic shock | Died |
| 11 | VAP | No | Meropenem | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | Acinetobacter baumannii | Septic shock, CRRT | Died |
| 12 | VAP | No | Meropenem | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Septic shock | Died |
| 13 | VAP | No | Cefepime | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Septic shock | Died |
| 14 | cUTI | No | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, septic shock, CRRT | Died |
| 15 | cUTI | No | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, septic shock, CRRT | Died |
| 16 | cUTI | No | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, septic shock | Lack of clinical response |
| 17 | cIAI | Yes | Ceftriaxone+metronidazole | Augmented renal clearance | Acinetobacter baumannii | Inadequate source control of infection | Lack of clinical response |
| 18 | cIAI | Yes | Levofloxacin+metronidazole | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | Enterococcus faecium vancomycin-resistant | Inadequate source control of infection, inadequate antimicrobial therapy | Lack of clinical response |
| 19 | cIAI | No | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, septic shock | Lack of clinical response |
| 20 | cIAI | No | Ceftriaxone+metronidazole | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, septic shock, CRRT | Died |
| 21 | cIAI | No | Ceftriaxone+metronidazole | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, CRRT | Died |
| 22 | cIAI | No | Cefepime+metronidazole | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, septic shock, CRRT | Died |
| 23 | Bone infection | No | Cefepime+levofloxacin | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | No | Inadequate source control of infection, septic shock | Lack of clinical response |
| 24 | Primary bacteremia | - | Cefepime | Standard dosage (or adjusted according to creatinine clearance) | MRSA | Septic shock | Died |
| 25 | Primary bacteremia | - | Ceftriaxone | Augmented renal clearance | MRSA | Septic shock | Died |
Abbreviations: CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; IAI, intra-abdominal infection; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; UTI, urinary tract infection; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.