Figure 6.

Nanoparticles can improve T cell therapy by remodeling the microenvironment created by solid tumors. A) Photothermal nanoparticles that generate heat under the near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation can reduce the compact structure and interstitial fluid pressure, increase blood perfusion, release antigens, and promote the recruitment of endogenous immune cells in solid tumors. These effects can then cause enhanced infiltration and activation of tumor‐specific CAR‐T cells. B) Photothermal therapy combined with CAR.CSPG4⁺ T cells significantly suppressed the tumor growth up to 20 days as compared with control (i). Murine IL‐6 was increased after photothermal therapy (ii). Moreover, human IL‐2 (iii) and IFN‐ γ (iv) released by CAR T cells were also significantly increased, especially in the mice receiving the combined treatment groups. Reproduced with permission.^[ 31 ^] Copyright 2019, John Wiley and Sons.