Table 1.
Subject Characteristics
| Variables | COVID-19 cases | Pneumonia controls | Healthy controls |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 15 | 6 | 15 |
| Male | 7 (47) | 4 (67) | 9 (60) |
| Median age, y (IQR) | 55 (44, 67.5) | 50 (44, 65) | 48 (45, 48) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 6 (40) | 6 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Recent exposure history, n (%) | |||
| Travel to cities of Hubei province | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Contact with person with COVID-19 | 5 (33) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Have family cluster outbreak | 4 (27) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Symptoms at admission, n (%) | |||
| Fever | 9 (60) | 4 (67) | |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | |||
| Diarrhea | 1 (7) | 2(33) | |
| Respiratory symptoms | |||
| Cough | 11 (73) | 4 (67) | |
| Sputum | 5 (33) | 3 (50) | |
| Rhinorrhea | 3 (20) | 1 (17) | |
| Shortness of breath | 4 (27) | 3 (50) | |
| Blood result | |||
| Lymphocyte counts (x 109/L, normal range 1.1–2.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | |
| Antibiotic therapy at presentation, n (%) | 7 (47) | 6 (100) | |
| Amoxycillin Clavulanate | 4 (27) | 3 (50) | |
| Cephalosporin | 5 (33) | 6 (100) | |
| Tetracycline | 4 (27) | 0 (0) | |
| Antiviral therapy, n (%) | 13 (87) | 0 (0) | |
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir | 13 (87) | 0 (0) | |
| Ribavirin | 7 (47) | 0 (0) | |
| Interferon beta-1b | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | |
| Death, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
NOTE. Values are expressed in number (percentage) and median (interquartile range).