Skip to main content
. 2020 May 20;38:101591. doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101591

Table 3.

Summary statistics of selected financial market variables.

Total Period Analysed (5701 observations)
STZ 5909:JP CML Shanghai Shenzhen DJIA WTI Gold Bitcoin
Mean 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001
Std Dev 0.0045 0.0035 0.0044 0.0023 0.0028 0.0023 0.0047 0.0018 0.0092
Minimum −0.0537 −0.0496 −0.0755 −0.0718 −0.0750 −0.0615 −0.0666 −0.0225 −0.0886
Maximum 0.0539 0.0429 0.0435 0.0252 0.0304 0.0295 0.0724 0.0175 0.0865
Variance 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001
Skewness −0.4122 −0.4904 −1.2390 −5.9042 −3.4336 −4.3918 −0.0317 −0.6658 −0.2070
Kurtosis 27.9622 33.7866 32.4863 196.9949 113.1889 140.2742 35.0332 17.6908 8.9373
Before Coronavirus (4580 observations)
STZ 5909:JP CML Shanghai Shenzhen DJIA WTI Gold Bitcoin
Mean 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001
Std Dev 0.0041 0.0036 0.0043 0.0020 0.0025 0.0016 0.0039 0.0016 0.0097
Minimum −0.0537 −0.0496 −0.0755 −0.0337 −0.0371 −0.0189 −0.0410 −0.0225 −0.0886
Maximum 0.0539 0.0429 0.0435 0.0252 0.0304 0.0175 0.0337 0.0138 0.0865
Variance 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001
Skewness −0.1666 −0.5357 −0.9621 −0.5488 −0.2841 −1.0825 −0.5360 −0.4233 −0.2010
Kurtosis 34.1575 34.1932 33.7251 41.2553 33.4127 34.5759 10.4541 16.9029 8.3757
After Coronavirus (1122 observations)
STZ 5909:JP CML Shanghai Shenzhen DJIA WTI Gold Bitcoin
Mean −0.0001 −0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 −0.0001 −0.0002 0.0000 0.0002
Std Dev 0.0060 0.0030 0.0049 0.0031 0.0037 0.0040 0.0072 0.0022 0.0067
Minimum −0.0511 −0.0228 −0.0588 −0.0718 −0.0750 −0.0615 −0.0666 −0.0209 −0.0530
Maximum 0.0402 0.0294 0.0294 0.0129 0.0248 0.0295 0.0724 0.0175 0.0428
Variance 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
Skewness −0.6542 −0.1889 −1.9568 −11.6273 −6.9313 −3.8890 0.3583 −0.9857 −0.1866
Kurtosis 15.3899 25.5440 27.9893 271.3470 151.0273 72.4226 28.6361 14.7752 7.6318

Note: Hourly data is presented to the period 11 March 2019 and 10 March 2020, where the period denoted as both pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic is denoted to be before and after 31 December 2019.