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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Mar 10;75(9):991–999. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.054

Central illustration: Regulare and irregular sleep patterns in relation to cardiovascular disease risk.

Central illustration:

The left panel shows 2 real examples of 7-day sleep patterns measured by actigraphy: a highly regular sleeper with approximately 10 min SD for both sleep duration and sleep onset timing and a highly irregular sleeper with >120 min for both SD measures. These 2 examples correspond to the ‘most regular’ and ‘most irregular’ categories in the figures on the right panel. Compared with those with the most regular sleep patterns, participants with the most irregular sleep patterns had >2-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular events over a median follow-up of 4.9 years (p-trend=0.002 for both sleep duration SD and sleep onset timing SD). Abbreviations: CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = hazard ratio; SD = standard deviation