Table 2. Single factor analysis of clinical high-risk factors between the BPD group and non-BPD group.
| Variable | BPD | Non-BPD | P value | OR, 95% CI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 22 (44.9%) | 13 (40.6%) | 0.704 | 0.84 (0.34, 2.07) | 0.7044 |
| Gestational age (week) | 28.4±1.8 | 30.6±2.2 | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.42, 0.77) | 0.0002 |
| Birth weight (g) | 1,079.7±165.3 | 1,261.2±162.8 | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | <0.0001 |
| Assisted reproductive technology (ART) | 13 (26.5%) | 14 (43.8%) | 0.108 | 2.15 (0.84, 5.53) | 0.1109 |
| Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) | 18 (36.7%) | 10 (31.2%) | 0.612 | 0.78 (0.30, 2.02) | 0.6122 |
| Pregnancy complicating with hypertension | 6 (12.2%) | 5 (15.6%) | 0.664 | 1.33 (0.37, 4.78) | 0.6649 |
| Pregnancy with diabetes | 15 (30.6%) | 9 (28.1%) | 0.796 | 0.89 (0.33, 2.37) | 0.8106 |
| Prenatal hormone use | 38 (77.6%) | 28 (87.5%) | 0.260 | 2.03 (0.58, 7.03) | 0.2659 |
| Prenatal application of MgSO4 | 14 (28.6%) | 6 (19.4%) | 0.314 | 0.63 (0.21, 1.86) | 0.3973 |
| Postnatal asphyxia | 0.020 | ||||
| Mild | 15 (30.6%) | 17 (53.1%) | 3.30 (1.24, 8.74) | 0.0165 | |
| Severe | 2 (4.1%) | 4 (12.5%) | 5.82 (0.93, 36.29) | 0.0593 | |
| Caffeine use | 24 (75%) | 23 (47%) | 0.017 | 8.97 (1.10, 73.32) | 0.0406 |
| Postnatal blood transfusion | 24 (75%) | 21 (43%) | 0.004 | 3.68 (1.38,9.79) | 0.0090 |
| Alveolar surfactant use | 26 (81%) | 35 (71%) | 0.316 | 1.61 (0.54, 4.80) | 0.3931 |
| Azithromycin use | 6 (19%) | 6 (12%) | 0.420 | 1.65 (0.48, 5.67) | 0.4235 |
| Heart failure | 7 (22%) | 2 (4%) | 0.013 | 6.58 (1.27, 34.08) | 0.0248 |
| Respiratory failure | 30 (94%) | 37 (76%) | 0.034 | 4.86 (1.01, 23.44) | 0.0486 |
| NRDS | 29 (91%) | 34 (69%) | 0.025 | 4.26 (1.12, 16.20) | 0.0332 |
| Congenital heart disease | 20 (63%) | 25 (51%) | 0.309 | 1.60 (0.64, 3.97) | 0.3108 |
| Pneumorrhagia | 4 (13%) | 3 (6%) | 0.318 | 2.19 (0.46, 10.52) | 0.3273 |
| Anemia | 28 (88%) | 30 (61%) | 0.010 | 4.43 (1.34, 14.64) | 0.0146 |
| GRED | 9 (28%) | 9 (18%) | 0.302 | 1.74 (0.60, 5.00) | 0.3047 |
| NEC | 5 (16%) | 10 (20%) | 0.588 | 0.72 (0.22, 2.35) | 0.5889 |
| IVH | 16 (50%) | 8 (16%) | 0.001 | ||
| I | 10 | 5 | 5.13 (1.64, 15.99) | 0.0049 | |
| II | 2 | 1 | 2.56 (0.15, 43.48) | 0.5148 | |
| III | 2 | 1 | 2.56 (0.15, 43.48) | 0.5148 | |
| IV | 2 | 1 | Inf. (0.00, Inf) | 0.9918 | |
| Septicemia | 9 (28%) | 10 (20%) | 0.423 | 1.53 (0.54, 4.31) | 0.4246 |
| Premature infant encephalopathy | 20 (63%) | 20 (41%) | 0.056 | 2.42 (0.97, 6.03) | 0.0587 |
| ROP | 21 (66%) | 20 (41%) | 0.029 | 2.77 (1.10, 6.99) | 0.0311 |
BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; NRDS, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; GRED, gastroesophageal reflux disease; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.