Table. Baseline Characteristics of Hospital Encounters Stratified by State and Suspected Infection.
| Characteristic | Suspected infection, No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California hospitals (n = 773 477) | Illinois hospitals (n = 713 786) | |||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| No. of patients | 287 510 (37.1) | 485 967 (62.8) | 196 615 (27.5) | 517 171 (72.5) |
| Men | 131 583 (45.8) | 225 289 (46.4) | 88 928 (45.2) | 240 028 (46.4) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 68.0 (17.6) | 63.3 (17.3) | 62.9 (18.2) | 60.7 (17.8) |
| Admitted via ED | 261 579 (91.0) | 283 146 (58.3) | 125 649 (63.9) | 243 011 (47.0) |
| Length of stay, median (range), d | 4 (2-6) | 2 (1-4) | 4 (3-8) | 2 (1-4) |
| Hospital death | 15 685 (5.5) | 7101 (1.5) | 5889 (3.0) | 5361 (1.0) |
| ED to ICU admission | 33 630 (11.7) | 25 550 (5.3) | 12 890 (6.6) | 29 073 (5.6) |
| Selected Elixhauser comorbidities | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 84 255 (29.3) | 92 754 (19.1) | 47 502 (24.2) | 94 961 (18.4) |
| Valvular disease | 49 175 (17.1) | 62 718 (12.9) | 34 173 (17.4) | 78 185 (15.1) |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 29 140 (10.1) | 29 113 (6) | 16 058 (8.2) | 29 181 (5.6) |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 113 540 (39.5) | 135 190 (27.8) | 33 422 (17.0) | 72 240 (14.0) |
| Uncomplicated hypertension | 215 143 (74.8) | 322 233 (66.3) | 124 601 (63.4) | 301 983 (58.4) |
| Paralysis | 31 559 (11.0) | 29 377 (6.0) | 10 159 (5.2) | 15 907 (3.1) |
| Neurodegenerative disorders | 59 166 (20.6) | 60 942 (12.5) | 29 556 (15.0) | 58 048 (11.2) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 118 352 (41.2) | 163 846 (33.7) | 43 840 (22.3) | 85 408 (16.5) |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 110 139 (38.3) | 140 783 (29) | 61 099 (31.1) | 131 439 (25.4) |
| Hypothyroidism | 56 452 (19.6) | 78 612 (16.2) | 30 332 (15.4) | 70 063 (13.5) |
| Renal failure | 104 052 (36.2) | 120 197 (24.7) | 45 754 (23.3) | 77 393 (15) |
| Liver disease | 30 394 (10.6) | 42 934 (8.8) | 21 205 (10.8) | 40 417 (7.8) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1761 (0.6) | 2121 (0.4) | 1932 (1.0) | 3468 (0.7) |
| Metastatic cancer | 25 918 (9) | 31 866 (6.6) | 19 620 (10.0) | 38 727 (7.5) |
| Solid tumor | 64 138 (22.3) | 101 011 (20.8) | 41 267 (21.0) | 97 285 (18.8) |
| Autoimmune disease | 24 062 (8.4) | 29 763 (6.1) | 12 711 (6.5) | 25 525 (4.9) |
| Coagulopathy | 47 690 (16.6) | 49 293 (10.1) | 37 882 (19.3) | 55 810 (10.8) |
| Fluid/electrolyte disorders | 158 282 (55.1) | 176 364 (36.3) | 89 478 (45.5) | 148 614 (28.7) |
| Blood loss anemia | 21 712 (7.6) | 26 793 (5.5) | 9561 (4.9) | 18 241 (3.5) |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 147 251 (51.2) | 174 853 (36) | 13 833 (7) | 22 647 (4.4) |
| Depression | 112 412 (39.1) | 164 951 (33.9) | 40 431 (20.6) | 86 294 (16.7) |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit.