Figure 2. Associations Between Maternal Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment Exposure and Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Children.

^aNumber of cases with diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders and cumulative incidences during follow-up of the entire cohort of children (N = 670 097) and term-born (n = 641 487) and preterm-born (n = 28 610) children eligible for data analyses. See Figure 1 for eligibility criteria for data analyses and definitions of term and preterm births. See eTable 2 in the Supplement for definitions of mental and behavioral disorders. ^bAbsolute differences may differ from the arithmetic difference of group totals because of rounding. ^cFrom χ² statistics. ^dHazard ratios (HRs), 95% CIs, and P values are from multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for maternal age at delivery, parity, mode of delivery, maternal smoking during pregnancy, prepregnancy body mass index, premature rupture of membranes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code O42), gestational diabetes (O24), hypertension in pregnancy (O10, O13-O15), and any lifetime mental disorder diagnosis (F00-F99), child sex, Apgar score (maximum of 1 and 5 minutes), admission to neonatal intensive care unit, weight, and gestational age at birth. ^eHazard ratios for entire cohort may fall outside the boundaries of HRs for term-born and preterm-born children as a result of differences in the proportion of treatment-exposed and nonexposed children between those born at term and preterm.