Table. Characteristics of the Study Population According to Maternal Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment Exposure.
| No. (%)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Entire cohort (N = 670 097) | Treatment-exposed (n = 14 868) | Nonexposed (n = 655 229) | |
| Children | |||
| Sex | |||
| Boys | 342 562 (51.1) | 8010 (53.9) | 334 552 (51.1) |
| Girls | 327 535 (48.9) | 6858 (46.1) | 320 677 (48.9) |
| Timing of birth | |||
| Preterm (<37 wk 0 d) | 28 610 (4.3) | 8138 (54.7) | 20472 (3.1) |
| Term (≥37 wk 0 d) | 641 487 (95.7) | 6730 (45.3) | 634 757 (96.9) |
| Birth weight, mean (SD), g | 3529 (527) | 2659 (950) | 3548 (496) |
| Apgar score (maximum at 1 and 5 min)b | |||
| 0-3 | 1364 (0.2) | 192 (1.3) | 1172 (0.2) |
| 4-6 | 9551 (1.4) | 1056 (7.1) | 8495 (1.3) |
| 7-10 | 658 226 (98.2) | 13 504 (90.8) | 644 722 (98.4) |
| Unknown | 956 (0.1) | 116 (0.8) | 840 (0.1) |
| Admission to NICU | |||
| No | 601 723 (89.8) | 7360 (49.5) | 594 363 (90.7) |
| Yes | 60 866 (10.2) | 7508 (50.5) | 60 866 (9.3) |
| Mothers | |||
| Age at delivery, mean (SD), y | 30.4 (5.3) | 30.6 (5.8) | 30.3 (5.3) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | 278 639 (41.6) | 6750 (45.4) | 271 889 (41.5) |
| 1 | 227 064 (33.9) | 4458 (30.0) | 222 606 (34.0) |
| 2 | 98 070 (14.6) | 2081 (14.0) | 95 989 (14.6) |
| 3 | 33 874 (5.1) | 796 (5.4) | 33 078 (5.0) |
| ≥4 | 32 344 (4.8) | 783 (5.3) | 31 561 (4.8) |
| Unknown | 106 (0.02) | 0 | 106 (0.02) |
| Delivery mode | |||
| Vaginal | 563 805 (84.1) | 9324 (62.7) | 554 481 (84.6) |
| Cesarean | 106 292 (15.9) | 5544 (37.3) | 100 748 (15.4) |
| Prepregnancy BMI, mean (SD)c | 24.4 (4.9) | 24.5 (5.4) | 24.4 (4.9) |
| Unknown | 13 237 (2.0) | 161 (1.1) | 13 076 (2.0) |
| Premature rupture of membranesd | |||
| No | 650 286 (97.4) | 12 689 (83.3) | 640 200 (97.3) |
| Yes | 19 811 (3.0) | 2538 (16.7) | 17 451 (2.7) |
| Gestational diabetesd | |||
| No | 593 877 (88.6) | 1234 (83.2) | 581 503 (88.7) |
| Yes | 76 220 (11.4) | 2494 (16.8) | 73 726 (11.3) |
| Hypertensiond | |||
| No | 642 365 (95.9) | 13 335 (89.7) | 629 030 (96.0) |
| Yes | 27 732 (4.1) | 1533 (10.3) | 26 199 (4.0) |
| Any lifetime mental disorderd | |||
| No | 545 435 (81.6) | 10 895 (73.3) | 534 540 (81.6) |
| Yes | 124 662 (18.4) | 3973 (26.7) | 120 689 (18.4) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |||
| No | 571 447 (85.3) | 12 101 (81.4) | 559 346 (85.4) |
| Yes | 98 650 (14.7) | 2767 (18.6) | 95 883 (14.6) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.
Percentages may not total 100% because of rounding.
The Apgar score is calculated at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, uses skin color, pulse rate, reflexes, muscle tone, and respiratory effort to determine medical attention. Scores from 0 to 3 suggest a need for resuscitation, while scores of 7 or more are considered normal.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes: premature rupture of membranes, O42; gestational diabetes, O24; hypertension, O10, O13-O15; any lifetime mental disorder, including organic mental disorders, disorders due to psychoactive substance use, schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders, mood disorders, neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders, behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors, disorders of adult personality and behavior, intellectual disabilities, disorders of psychological development, behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, F00-F99.