Table 1.

Changes in redox status as affected by glutamate (Glu) application in the leaves of Brassica napus under well-watered or drought-stressed conditions.

Treatments	Days after Treatment
	0			5			15
Reduced	NADPH	NADH	GSH	NADPH	NADH	GSH	NADPH	NADH	GSH
Control	2.65 ± 0.83	5.39 ± 0.48	61.51 ± 4.81	2.62 ± 0.17 b	5.58 ± 0.44 a	58.58 ± 2.01 a	2.32 ± 0.25 c	4.44 ± 0.33 c	53.20 ± 3.26 a
Glu	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.28 ± 0.39 a	5.07 ± 0.40 bc	60.35 ± 5.00a
Drought	-	-	-	3.48 ± 0.25 a	5.79 ± 0.12 a	15.77 ± 0.21 b	3.78 ± 0.10 b	5.37 ± 0.03 b	7.27 ± 0.12 c
Drought + Glu	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.84 ± 0.04 b	6.56 ± 0.03 a	38.67 ± 1.87 b
Oxidized	NADP+	NAD+	GSSG	NADP+	NAD+	GSSG	NADP+	NAD+	GSSG
Control	8.86 ± 0.06	6.81 ± 0.06	2.30 ± 0.05	9.62 ± 0.59 b	6.82 ± 0.30 b	2.62 ± 0.05 b	7.23 ± 1.05 d	6.01 ± 0.22 c	2.45 ± 0.09 a
Glu	-	-	-	-	-	-	14.36 ± 0.61 c	8.53 ± 0.25 b	3.10 ± 0.25 a
Drought	-	-	-	17.80 ± 1.00 a	9.10 ± 0.17 a	3.23 ± 0.13 a	24.57 ± 0.30 a	9.89 ± 0.07 a	2.69 ± 0.22 a
Drought + Glu	-	-	-	-	-	-	21.36 ± 0.52 b	9.51 ± 0.17 a	2.47 ± 0.22 a
Ratios	NADPH/ NADP+	NADH/ NAD+	GSH/ GSSG	NADPH/ NADP+	NADH/ NAD+	GSH/ GSSG	NADPH/ NADP+	NADH/ NAD+	GSH/ GSSG
Control	0.41 ± 0.02	0.79 ± 0.07	26.65 ± 1.98	0.26 ± 0.00 a	0.81 ± 0.03 a	25.94 ± 1.02 a	0.27 ± 0.02 b	0.74 ± 0.06 a	21.70 ± 0.67 a
Glu	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.37 ± 0.02 a	0.60 ± 0.04 ab	19.58 ± 1.20 ab
Drought	-	-	-	0.21 ± 0.01 a	0.64 ± 0.02 b	4.92 ± 0.25 b	0.15 ± 0.03 c	0.54 ± 0.00 b	2.75 ± 0.21 c
Drought + Glu	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.21 ± 0.00 bc	0.69 ± 0.01 ab	15.96 ± 1.36 b

Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)H; oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)+; reduced form of glutathione, GSH; oxidized form of glutathione, GSSG. NAD(P)H and NAD(P)⁺ contents are shown as nmol g⁻¹ fresh weight. GSH and GSSG contents are shown as μmol g⁻¹ fresh weight. Values are mean ± SE for n = 3. Different lowercase letters in a column indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.