Table 2.
Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to antibiotics in C. jejuni isolated from Italian wild birds.
| Antibiotic Class | Antibiotics | Genes a | % Resistances (Phenotypes) b | % Resistance (Genotypes) c | Concordance rate d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aminoglycosides | Gentamicin (gen) | - | 2.5 | ||
| Streptomycin (stm) | aad | 6.7 | 28.6 | 23.3 | |
| Beta-lactams e | - | blaOXA-61, blaOXA-184 | - | 10, 86.7 | - |
| Fluoroquinolones/ Quinolones |
Ciprofloxacin (cip)/ Nalidixic acid (Na) |
gyrA | 10 | 33.3 | 30.0 |
| Macrolides | Erytromicin (ery) | erm(B), 23S rRNA | 4.2 | - | - |
| Tetracyclines | Tertracycline (tet) | Tet(O) | 12.5 | 53.3 | 23.4 |
| Multidrug CmeABC efflux system and cmeR | cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR | - | 100, 100, 99.2, 100 | - | |
a Accession numbers from the resistant genes can be accessed through the database Card https://card.mcmaster.ca/, point mutations were searched according to point finder database (https://bitbucket.org/genomicepidemiology/pointfinder_db/src/master/campylobacter/resistens-overview.txt); b Percentages of isolates expressing the resistance phenotype for the corresponding antibiotic; c Percentages of isolates expressing the resistance phenotype for the corresponding antibiotic, that have the indicated gene; d Concordance rate among the two resistances (%), e Antibiotic class not tested for resistance phenotype.