Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample at baseline.
| Characteristic | VR-CBTa (n=58) | Treatment as usual (TAU) (n=58) | |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 40 (69) | 42 (72) | |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 36.5 (9.8) | 39.5 (10.0) | |
| Non-Dutch origin, n (%) | 15 (26) | 25 (43) | |
| Education, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
No education or primary | 16 (28) | 16 (28) |
|
|
Vocational | 18 (31) | 24 (41) |
|
|
Secondary | 9 (16) | 9 (16) |
|
|
Higher | 15 (26) | 9 (16) |
| DSM-IVbdiagnosis |
|
|
|
|
|
Schizophrenia, n (%) | 46 (79) | 49 (85) |
|
|
Schizoaffective disorder, n (%) | 1 (2) | 5 (9) |
|
|
Delusional disorder, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) |
|
|
Psychotic disorder (not otherwise specified), n (%) | 10 (17) | 4 (7) |
|
|
Duration of illness in years, mean (SD) | 13.3 (10.6) | 14.9 (9.5) |
| Medication use |
|
|
|
|
|
Antipsychotics, n (%) | 54 (93) | 57 (98) |
|
|
Olanzapine equivalent of prescribed antipsychotic medication (mg/day), mean (SD) | 10.5 (6.8) | 11.0 (8.3) |
|
|
Antidepressants, n (%) | 15 (26) | 17 (29) |
| Paid work, n (%) | 8 (14) | 5 (9) | |
| Safety behaviors, mean (SD) | 28.8 (14.2) | 21.1 (16.0) | |
aVR-CBT: virtual reality-based cognitive behavioral therapy.
bDSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.