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. 2020 Apr 17;12(4):366. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040366

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Ear thickness change after dissolving microneedle (DMN) patch application on the ear of the rat. (A) Image of the applicated Li-DMN patch on the ear of the rat. The dashed square indicates the location of the DMN array. (B) Measurement of ear thickness at 10, 30, 60 and 120 min after application of the DMNs that contain different doses of lidocaine-HCl. Comparison of ear thickness change according to time between the ipsilateral and contralateral side of the DMN patch application that contains the maximal dose (331.20 μg), a half-maximal dose (165.60 μg) and a quarter-maximal dose (82.80 μg) of lidocaine-HCl and the blank DMN patch without lidocaine-HCl and the contralateral ear as controls, respectively. One-way ANOVA and a paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.