Table 2.
Significant clusters of reduced daytime rCBF with REM-AH and NREM-AH in all subjects.
| Cluster size (k) | T | MNI coordinates |
Peak location with AAL atlas | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | |||
| Model 1: Reduced daytime rCBF with REM-AH | |||||
| 647*† | 4.6 | −12 | 62 | 2 | L superior frontal medial |
| 4.0 | 6 | 54 | −8 | R medial orbitofrontal | |
| 221* | 4.1 | 42 | 20 | 4 | R inferior frontal pars triangularis (extending to the R insula) |
| Model 1: Reduced daytime rCBF with NREM-AH | |||||
| 140 | 4.1 | −68 | −16 | −20 | L middle temporal |
| 3.8 | −68 | −26 | −20 | L inferior temporal | |
| 225† | 3.9 | −66 | −14 | 22 | L postcentral (parietal) |
| 3.9 | −66 | −16 | 30 | L postcentral (parietal) | |
| 3.9 | −64 | −20 | 38 | L supramarginal (parietal) | |
| Model 2: Reduced daytime rCBF with REM-AH in subjects with AHI<15 | |||||
| 271*† | 4.4 | 40 | 18 | 6 | R inferior frontal pars opercularis (extending to the R insula) |
| 100 | 3.9 | −30 | 22 | 10 | L insula |
Note: Regression models included both REM-AH and NREM-AH as well as age and total sleep duration as covariates. Clusters marked with (*) were still significant when sex was added as a covariate (cluster size: 146, 133 and 200 voxels). Clusters marked with (†) were still significant with REM-AHI or NREM-AHI instead of REM-AH and NREM-AH in subjects with REM sleep duration ≥ 30 minutes (cluster size: 207, 193 and 185 voxels). Significant regions of daytime rCBF were obtained with the following threshold: p < 0.001 uncorrected for peaks voxels found within a cluster of ≥100 continuous voxels.
rCBF: regional cerebral blood flow; NREM: non-rapid eye movement sleep; REM: rapid eye movement sleep; AH: apneas + hypopneas; AHI; apnea–hypopnea index; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute; AAL: automated anatomical labeling; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; L: left; R: right.