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Secretion of BDNF induced by TNF-α and IL-1β. Incubation of rat colon smooth muscle tissues with 10 ng/ml TNF-α or 10 ng/ml of IL-1β for 24 h increased secretion of BDNF. Data are presented as the mean ± the standard error of the mean. BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β.
