Table 3.
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | 95% CI | p-Valueb | Coefficientc | 95% CI | p-Value | Coefficient | 95% CI | p-Value | Coefficient | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Psychosocial variables | ||||||||||||
Loneliness (ULS-8) | 0.41 | 0.30, 0.53 | < 0.001 | 0.37 | 0.24, 0.49 | < 0.001 | 0.34 | 0.21, 0.47 | < 0.001 | 0.11 | −0.02, 0.24 | 0.10 |
Social network size (2 items from LSNS-6) | −0.06 | − 0.32, 0.21 | 0.68 | − 0.02 | − 0.30, 0.25 | 0.88 | − 0.06 | −0.31, 0.19 | 0.64 | |||
Social capital (HLSSC) | −0.19 | −0.40, 0.02 | 0.08 | −0.10 | − 0.32, 0.12 | 0.39 | − 0.04 | − 0.25, 0.16 | 0.67 | |||
Socio-demographic variables | ||||||||||||
Born in the UK | 0.50 | −0.89, 1.89 | 0.48 | 0.52 | −0.75, 1.80 | 0.42 | ||||||
Employment | ||||||||||||
No | reference | |||||||||||
In voluntary, protected or sheltered work | −0.95 | −2.96, 1.06 | 0.35 | −0.06 | −1.92, 1.79 | 0.95 | ||||||
In regular employment | −0.70 | −2.05, 0.65 | 0.31 | −0.82 | −2.06, 0.42 | 0.19 | ||||||
Living with a partner or with family | −0.72 | −1.94, 0.50 | 0.25 | −0.76 | −1.88, 0.36 | 0.18 | ||||||
Psychiatric variables | ||||||||||||
Number of years since first contact with mental health services | ||||||||||||
Less than 3 months | reference | |||||||||||
3 months – 1 year | −2.26 | −4.56, 0.05 | 0.06 | −1.98 | −4.09, 0.14 | 0.07 | ||||||
1–2 years | 0.44 | −2.21, 3.09 | 0.75 | 0.78 | −1.65, 3.21 | 0.53 | ||||||
2–10 years | 0.03 | −1.72, 1.78 | 0.97 | −0.12 | −1.73, 1.49 | 0.88 | ||||||
More than 10 years | −0.28 | −2.14, 1.58 | 0.77 | −0.48 | −2.18, 1.23 | 0.58 | ||||||
Diagnosis | ||||||||||||
Psychosis | reference | |||||||||||
Bipolar affective disorder/Manic episode | 0.83 | −0.99, 2.64 | 0.37 | 0.89 | −0.78, 2.56 | 0.29 | ||||||
Depressive/Anxiety disorders | 1.52 | −0.06, 3.10 | 0.06 | 0.75 | −0.72, 2.21 | 0.32 | ||||||
Personality disorders | 3.16 | 1.18, 5.14 | 0.002 | 2.11 | 0.27, 3.95 | 0.03 | ||||||
Other disorders | 0.65 | −1.65, 2.96 | 0.58 | −0.40 | −2.53, 1.73 | 0.71 | ||||||
Affective symptoms at baseline (4 items from BPRS) | 0.42 | 0.31, 0.53 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
R2adj | 0.138 | 0.138 | 0.168 | 0.300 |
CI Confidence Interval, ULS-8 UCLA Loneliness Scale-8, LSNS-6 Lubben Social Network Scale-6, HLSSC Health and Lifestyles Survey Social Capital Questionnaire, BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, R2adj adjusted-R2
aUsing multivariable linear regression analyses with affective symptoms score at 4-month follow-up as dependent variable and factors with p < 0.25 in both Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3 as independent variables
bSignificant p-values printed in bold
cNegative regression coefficient = less severe affective symptoms