Table 4.
Factors associated with stunting and with overweight among children from zero to 60 months of age, Alagoas (Northeast Brazil), 2015
| Variables | Categories | Stuntinga | Overweightb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (%) p-value (χ2) | Crude PR (95% CI) |
Adjusted PRc (95% CI) |
Prevalence (%) p-value (χ2) | Crude PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PRc (95% CI) | ||
| Sex | Male | 4.2 | 1 | 1 | 15.6 | 1 | – |
| Female | 2.2 | 0.53 (0.26–1.08) # | 0.38 (0.17–0.83)* | 14.2 | 0.91 (0.68–1.23) | ns | |
| p = 0.076 | p = 0.558 | ||||||
| Age group (months) | 0.0 –| 24.0 | 4.6 | 1 | 1 | 17.1 | 1 | 1 |
| 24 –| 60.0 | 2.2 | 0.47 (0.23–0.95)* | 0.43 (0.20–0.91)* | 13.2 | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) # | 0.78 (0.58–1.07)# | |
| p = 0.031 | p = 0.092 | ||||||
| Birth weight (g) | Normal (2500–3999) | 3.0 | 1 | 1 | 14.2 | 1 | 1 |
| Low (< 2500) | 8.6 | 2.89 (1.14–7.30)* | 2.99 (1.33–6.70)* | 8.6 | 0.61 (0.26–1.43) ns | 0.62 (0.26–1.46)ns | |
| High (≥ 4000) | 0.0 | nc (p < 0.001) | nc (p < 0.001) | 27.3 | 1.93 (1.25–2.96)* | 1.91 (1.24–2.95)* | |
| p = 0.018 | p = 0.006 | ||||||
| Number of people in the household | ≤ 4 | 2.4 | 1 | – | 15.9 | – | |
| > 4 | 4.4 | 1.78 (0.90–3.54) ns | ns | 13.5 | 0.85 (0.62–1.16) ns | ns | |
| p = 0.094 | p = 0.305 | ||||||
| Residence area | Urban | 3.1 | 1 | – | 14.8 | 1 | – |
| Rural | 3.5 | 1.12 (0.54–2.40) ns | ns | 15.3 | 1.04 (0.74–1.45) ns | ns | |
| p = 0.764 | p = 0.841 | ||||||
| Mothers with ≤2 children | Yes | 2.7 | 1 | – | 15.0 | 1 | – |
| No | 4.8 | 1.77 (0.89–3.52) ns | ns | 14.3 | 0.96 (0.68–1.33) ns | ns | |
| p = 0.097 | p = 0.791 | ||||||
| Low maternal schooling (years of study ≤4) | Yes | 7.0 | 2.68 (1.35–5.34)* | 3.10 (1.52–6.33)* | 13.0 | 0.84 (0.56–1.27) ns | ns |
| No | 2.6 | 1 | 1 | 15.4 | 1 | – | |
| p = 0.004 | p = 0.399 | ||||||
| Maternal age group (years) | ≤ 20.0 | 6.1 | 1.82 (0.65–5.08) ns | 12.1 | 0.81 (0.41–1.58) ns | ||
| 20.1–39.9 | 3.3 | 1 | 15.0 | 1 | |||
| ≥ 40.0 | 3.2 | 0.94 (0.29–3.09) ns | 16.0 | 1.06 (0.65–1.74) ns | |||
| p = 0.501 | p = 0.781 | ||||||
* Statistically significant difference, according to the 95% confidence interval (95% CI)
ns Non-significant difference
# 0.05 < p < 0.1 (marginal statistical significance)
a Stunting: height-for-age < −2 sd
b Overweight: weight-for-height > 2 sd
c backward elimination process