Figure 8.

Ethosuximide, clobazam and a cannabinoid, but not topiramate, reduced atypical absence seizures in KI mice. (A, B) Three AEDs were administered individually to KI mice. Total observation period by video-EEG lasted 4 h. At Hour 0, an injection of each drug’s respective vehicle was given as a control observation. Vehicle and vehicle washout were found to be stable and were therefore averaged as a baseline. Drug + vehicle were administered at Hour 2. The 2 h after the drugs were administered were split into single hour observations: the first hour after administration and the second hour after administration. A one-way ANOVA was performed on each drug individually (shown above each drug set), and Tukey post-tests were conducted comparing all three pairs of time points (shown on bar graphs where significant). (A) Both ethosuximide and clobazam, but not topiramate, significantly reduced the cumulative time spent in atypical absence seizures. (B) Ethosuximide resulted in a significant reduction in the number of atypical absence seizures, while clobazam and topiramate did not. n = 8–9, 6–8 months old, males and females. Repeated-measures one-way ANOVA ^#P < 0.05; Tukey post-tests adjusted P-value *P < 0.05 compares drug to baseline, ^@P < 0.05 compares drug to drug washout. (C, D) Win 55,212-2 was administered daily for 1 week. KI mice had a significant reduction in both (C) cumulative time spent in atypical absence seizures and (D) atypical absence seizure count after 1 week of dosing. n = 6, paired Student’s t-test, 5–8 months old, males and females, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.