| AHRs | aeroponic hairy roots |
| ATCC | American type culture collection |
| B5 | Gamborg B5 medium |
| CS | chitosan |
| CTAB | cetyl trimethylammonium bromide |
| CTS | chitosan dosage |
| DW | dry weight |
| ET | exposure time |
| FLA | total flavonoids content |
| FW | fresh weight |
| GA | gallic acid |
| GIA | α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (1/IC50) |
| HRs | hairy roots |
| IC50 | the half maximal inhibitory concentration |
| MS | Murashige and Skoog medium |
| PA | L-phenylalanine |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| PHEL | total phenolics content |
| Q | quercetin |
| r | Pearson’s coefficient |
| RR | rooting rate |
| RT | rooting time |
| WPM | Woody plant medium |
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