Table 1.

Description of model classifications and relevant studies in review

Model name	Studies	Model description	Comparator	Quality of evidence
PCP-led	n= 1 RCT with EE, the Netherlands	Post-diagnosis care is provided and coordinated by the PCP. In the single study available (AD-EURO),24 management was based on Dutch general practice dementia guidelines and provided over 12 months	Memory clinics	RCT had low risk of bias in five domains, high risk for participant blinding. EE met most of the CHEC criteria
PCP-led with specialist consulting support	n= 1 RCT (three-arm) with EE, n= 1 CCT, Germany	The PCP leads post-diagnostic care, with specialist support for complex or crisis cases,16,23 in the form of an interdisciplinary dementia support network,16 or specialists (neurologists or psychiatrists).23 One also recommended a family caregiver support, and psychoeducational group and optional family caregiver counselling (after 12 months in one group)23	Usual primary care	RCT moderate quality. EE met all but one CHEC criteria. CCT critical risk of bias due to difference in outcome follow-up timepoints (11.2 months in intervention, 6.6 months in control)
PCP–case management partnership	n= 3 RCTs, n= 1 CCT, n= 2 EEs (5 US, 1 Germany)	Post-diagnostic care is led by a case manager (usually a nurse), with a structured needs assessment. A care plan is formed with input from a PCP either on specific aspects of care (for example, medication or urgent symptoms),17,18,22,25 or the whole care plan.20 All were delivered face to face over 12 months,18,20,25 except one delivered entirely by phone for 3 months,17 and one unclear.19 Contacts varied bi-monthly to tri-monthly, with contacts usually becoming less frequent over time. Additional components in some studies included a telephone caregiver education programme,17 and a chair-based exercise group (people with dementia) and support group (caregiver).18 Four services had specialist input, such as out-of-hours geriatrician support for the person with dementia and caregiver,22 or interdisciplinary case conferences to support the case manager20 and(or) PCP18	Usual primary care	RCTs mixed quality (2–3 domains at high risk of bias and 3–5 domains at low risk). CCT at serious risk of bias. EEs were mixed quality (meeting less than two-thirds of the quality criteria)
Integrated models	n= 1 CCT (three arm) with EE, Singapore	Consultations with the primary care physician and nurse were co-run with a memory clinic geriatrician and nurse, with fortnightly case conference discussions to address concerns or challenges in dementia care and referrals to other allied professionals as necessary, delivered over 12 months21	Usual primary care, usual memory clinic	CCT at serious risk of bias. EE met most CHEC criteria

CCT = controlled clinical trial. CHEC = Consensus on Health Economic Criteria. EE = economic evaluation. PCP = primary care provider. RCT = randomised controlled trial.