Table 2.

Overview of the application of genomic editing technologies in CAR-T cells

Target of CAR	Delivery of CAR	Target locus	Gene-editing method	Delivery	Editing efficiency	Reference
CD19	SB electroporation	TRAC and TRBC	ZFNs	mRNA electrotransfer	15–37%	[33]
CD19	Lentivirus	TRAC and CD52	TALEN	mRNA electrotransfer	10–60%	[36]
CD19	AAV vector	TRAC (insert CAR to TRAC)	CRISPR/Cas9	Electroporation	~70%	[29]
CD19	SB electroporation	HLA-A	ZFNs	Nucleofection	40.70%	[40]
CD19	Lentivirus	B2M and TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9	RNA electroporation	52.55–65.21%	[26]
CD19		TRAC, B2M and PD-1			37.05–60.97%
CD19	Lentivirus	B2M and TRAC	CRISPR/Cas9 (incorporating multiple gRNA cassettes in a single CAR vector)	Lentiviral vector	71.3 ± 6.7%	[42]
		TRAC, B2M and Fas			55.10%
		TRAC, B2M and PD-1,CTLA-4			40.10%
CD19	Lentivirus	TCR and B2M	CRISPR/Cas9	RNA electroporation	79.90%	[43]
		TRBC, B2M and PD-1			/
PSMA	Lentivirus	dnTGF-βRII	/	Lentiviral vector	53.20%	[55]
CD19	Retrovirus	IL-15 and an suicide gene	Inducible caspase-9	Retroviral vector	65%	[57]
CD19	Retrovirus	Safety switch	Inducible caspase-9	Retroviral vector	61% ± 5%	[58]
CD19	Lentivirus	GM-CSF	CRISPR/Cas9	Lentiviral vector	82.20%	[61]
CD33	Lentivirus	CD33 in HSCs	CRISPR/Cas9	Electroporation	40–90%	[31, 64, 65]
CD7	Gammaretrovirus	CD7 in CAR T cells	CRISPR/Cas9	Electroporation	>80%	[66]