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Schematic of the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing process. CRISPR-Cas9 requires expression of a gRNA (green line) and the Cas9 endonuclease (pink shape). The gRNA instructs Cas9 for cleavage of a complementary DNA target with an adjacent PAM sequence. Cas generates a dsDNA break that is repaired by the NHEJ or HDR pathways. See the text for further details.
