Table 5. Adjusted odds ratios for endothelial dysfunction and risk of acute inflammation according to the metabolic syndrome score and its components in adolescents.
| Outcome variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | hs-CRPb | ICAM-1c | VCAM-1c | |
| Model 1a | cMets score | 1.25 (1.10–1.42)** | 1.26 (1.11–1.43)** | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) |
| Model 2a | BMI, kg/m2 | 1.35 (1.17–1.56)** | 1.11 (0.98–1.27) | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) |
| MAP, mmHg | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | |
| TG, mg/dL | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | |
| HDL-c, mg/dL | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.95 (0.90–0.99)* | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; TG, triglyceride; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule; cMets, continuous metabolic syndrome.
Results are odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
*p < 0.05,
**p < 0.001.
aOdds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjustment for sex, age, monthly household income, parental history of hypertension, parental history of diabetes, weekly vigorous-intensity physical activity, TV viewing, secondhand smoking, eating breakfast, and total energy intake.
bAcute inflammatory status was defined as a level > 0.3 mg/dL.
cEndothelial dysfunction was alternatively defined as ≥ 75th percentile.