Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the included randomised controlled trials

	Intervention (n=12)	Control (n=12)
Study design
Standard parallel-group	7 (58%)	7 (58%)
Cluster	2 (17%)	1 (8%)
Pilot and feasibility	3 (25%)	4 (33%)
Type of intervention
Pharmacological	2 (17%)	4 (33%)
Non-pharmacological	10 (83%)	8 (67%)
Behavioural	4 (33%)	3 (25%)
E-health and tele-health strategies	3 (25%)	2 (17%)
Medical devices	2 (17%)	1 (8%)
Surgery	0 (0%)	1 (8%)
Others	1 (8%)	1 (8%)
Single-centre or multicentre
Single-centre	8 (67%)	5 (42%)
Multicentre	4 (33%)	7 (58%)
Number of participants
≤50	5 (42%)	2 (17%)
>50 and ≤100	3 (25%)	7 (58%)
>100	4 (33%)	3 (25%)
Registered in a trial registry
Yes	11 (92%)	11 (92%)
No	1 (8%)	1 (8%)
First author’s affiliation
Asia	3 (25%)	3 (25%)
UK	3 (25%)	5 (42%)
Europe	2 (17%)	3 (25%)
USA	2 (17%)	0 (0%)
Australia	2 (17%)	0 (0%)
Brazil	0 (0%)	1 (8%)
Sponsorship
Investigator-initiated	12 (100%)	10 (83%)
Industry-initiated	0 (0%)	2 (17%)