Table 2. Baseline Characteristics and Comparison of Patients Not Requiring PPM Implant and Those Requiring PPM Implant Post-TAVR.
| No PPM (n = 201) | Non-RV pacing-dependent at 30 days (n = 17) | P-value | Pacing-dependent at 30 days (n = 8) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 82.2 ± 8.3 | 80.4 ± 6.3 | 0.39 | 80.9 ± 8.3 | 0.66 |
| Gender (female) | 102/201 | 8/17 | 0.81 | 2/8 | 0.28 |
| BMI | 27.2 ± 6.3 | 29.1 ± 6.3 | 0.27 | 25.0 ± 4.5 | 0.32 |
| Hypertension | 185/201 | 15/17 | 0.64 | 5/8 | 0.03 |
| DM | 70/201 | 10/17 | 0.066 | 2/8 | 0.72 |
| CAD | 157/201 | 14/17 | 0.77 | 5/8 | 0.38 |
| CHF | 142/201 | 13/17 | 0.78 | 5/8 | 0.70 |
| COPD | 37/201 | 2/17 | 0.55 | 1/8 | 1 |
| PVD | 29/201 | 4/17 | 0.48 | 1/8 | 1 |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 69/201 | 6/17 | 1 | 2/8 | 0.72 |
| History of atrial flutter | 26/175 | 1/17 | 0.49 | 1/8 | 1 |
| eGFR < 60 | 97/201 | 10/17 | 0.46 | 7/8 | 0.035 |
| Creatinine | 1.12 ± 0.54 | 1.36 ± 0.61 | 0.09 | 1.92 ± 1.42 | 0.0002 |
| Prior CABG | 66/201 | 7/17 | 0.59 | 2/8 | 0.73 |
| Prior PCI | 74/201 | 3/17 | 0.12 | 3/8 | 1 |
| Prior balloon valvuloplasty | 25/201 | 5/17 | 0.065 | 0/8 | 0.60 |
| ACE-I/ARB | 106/201 | 7/17 | 0.45 | 5/8 | 0.73 |
| Beta-blockers | 144/201 | 10/17 | 0.28 | 6/8 | 1 |
| Digoxin | 13/201 | 0/17 | 0.41 | 0/8 | 1 |
| Other anti-arrhythmic drugs | 12/201 | 0/17 | 0.61 | 0/8 | 1 |
| Sinus rhythm | 161/200 | 11/17 | 0.21 | 7/8 | 1 |
| First-degree AV block | 42/200 | 3/17 | 1 | 2/8 | 1 |
| LAFB | 27/200 | 4/17 | 0.28 | 3/8 | 0.09 |
| LPFB | 1/200 | 1/17 | 0.15 | 1/8 | 0.08 |
| RBBB | 18/200 | 2/17 | 1 | 8/8 | < 0.0001 |
| LBBB | 22/200 | 1/17 | 0.70 | 0/8 | 0.60 |
| Bifascicular block | 9/200 | 2/17 | 0.21 | 5/8 | < 0.0001 |
| QRS duration > 120 ms | 48/200 | 3/17 | 0.77 | 8/8 | < 0.0001 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 106.1 ± 24.2 | 108.4 ± 22.0 | 0.71 | 138.8 ± 14.1 | 0.0002 |
| Aortic valve area | 0.66 ± 0.23 | 0.65 ± 0.23 | 0.78 | 0.77 ± 0.26 | 0.19 |
| LVEF | 56.4 ± 13.4 | 52.1 ± 13.9 | 0.21 | 59.4 ± 11.8 | 0.53 |
| LVOTd | 2.02 ± 0.22 | 2.04 ± 0.33 | 0.74 | 2.1 ± 0.22 | 0.31 |
| Transfemoral approach | 155/201 | 13/17 | 1 | 8/8 | 0.20 |
| Transapical approach | 36/201 | 4/17 | 0.74 | 0/8 | 0.36 |
| Intra-procedural complete heart block | 17/201 | 6/17 | 0.004 | 7/8 | < 0.0001 |
| Valve size | 25.0 ± 2.3 | 25.3 ± 2.5 | 0.60 | 25.3 ± 2.1 | 0.75 |
| Valve/LVOTd | 12.5 ± 1.3 | 12.6 ± 1.8 | 0.71 | 12.1 ± 1.1 | 0.38 |
| Percent oversizing by annulus area | 11.3 ± 18.0 | 13.7 ± 15.3 | 0.60 | -0.03 ± 12.7 | 0.08 |
The P-values shown are derived from two-tailed Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test for continuous variables. Patients who were non-RV pacing-dependent at 30 days and patients who were RV pacing-dependent at 30 days patients were separately compared with the non-pacemaker population to derive these P-values. Continuous variables are reported as the mean plus or minus the standard deviation. PPM: permanent pacemaker; TAVR: transcatheter aortic valve replacement; RV: right ventricular; BMI: body mass index; DM: diabetes mellitus; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; ACE-I/ARB: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; AV: atrioventricular; LAFB: left anterior fascicular block; LPFB: left posterior fascicular block; RBBB: right bundle branch block; LBBB: left bundle branch block; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOTd: left ventricular outflow tract diameter.