Summary of the pro oxidant effects of alcohol on the mechanisms of vascular relaxation and constriction. ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ANGII, angiotensin II; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ET-1, endothelin-1; FAEE, fatty acid ethyl ester; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; NADH/NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced/ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NO, nitric oxide; O2•, superoxide; PLD, phospholipase D; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase.