Fig. 1. Schematic of anisotropic nanoparticle fabrication and RBC membrane coating.

(A) Spherical PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and cast into a thin plastic film of 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 2% glycerol. Particles were then stretched under heat in one or two dimensions (2D) to generate prolate or oblate ellipsoidal particles, respectively. (B) RBCs underwent hypotonic lysis and were then sonicated to generate sub–200 nm vesicles. RBC-derived vesicles were then coated onto PLGA nanoparticles of all shapes under sonication.